每小时每小时 PM 2.5 地图使用地球静止卫星
Seohui Park1,2, Alqamah Sayeed3,4, Junhyeon Seo1,2
1Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research (GESTAR) II, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States.
概括
本研究使用卫星数据和机器学习来估计地面细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 度. 通过使用TEMPO卫星数据增强的深度神经网络模型显著提高了准确性,特别是在野火烟雾事件期间.
科学领域:
- 大气科学 大气科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
背景情况:
- 准确估计地面细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 对于公共卫生和环境监测至关重要.
- 现有的方法往往缺乏捕捉动态PM2.5事件所需的空间和时间分辨率.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一个深度神经网络 (DNN) 模型,用于估计整个美国 (CONUS) 的表面PM2.5度.
- 评估将地球静止卫星数据,特别是TEMPO (热带气体排放:污染监测) 整合到PM2.5估计模型中的附加值.
- 将DNN的性能与其他机器学习 (ML) 模型 (如随机森林和光梯度增强机器) 进行比较.
主要方法:
- 使用了来自地球静止卫星的气溶光学深度 (AOD) 和辐射测量.
- 从高分辨率快速更新 (HRRR) 模型中集成的气象参数.
- 采用深度神经网络 (DNN) 模型,将其性能与使用AirNow PM2.5测量的随机森林和光梯度增强机器模型进行比较.
- 通过整合TEMPO Level 1b (L1b) 数据,增强了DNN模型.
主要成果:
- 即使没有TEMPO数据,DNN模型在估计PM2.5度方面也超过了其他ML模型,在协议指数 (IOA) 和相对根-平均-平方误差 (rRMSE) 中显示出显著的改进.
- 每小时估计的PM2.5度与东部CONUS的时间趋势和空间分布的观察数据密切匹配.
- 将TEMPO L1b数据集成到DNN模型中进一步提高了性能,这表明R-squared比RMSE高8%和RRMSE低25%.
- 在高烟雾事件中观察到的最实质性的改善,证明了TEMPO能够捕获高度的PM2.5.
结论:
- 深度神经网络模型,特别是当与像TEMPO这样的静态卫星数据增强时,为高分辨率PM2.5估计提供了强大的框架.
- 整合TEMPO L1b光谱分辨率辐射数据提供了一种新的方法来监测野火事件期间的PM2.5动态.
- 这项研究建立了一个可扩展的框架,用于将多卫星数据与气象模型相结合,以改善实时空气质量评估.
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