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在儿童中,SARS-CoV-2感染和接种疫苗会引起明显的喉粘膜B细胞反应

Kalpana Manthiram¹, Qin Xu¹, Lihong Shi²

¹NIAID/National Institutes of Health.

Research square

|September 18, 2025

概括

将SARS-CoV-2感染后的B细胞反应与儿童接种疫苗的比较揭示了不同的粘膜免疫特征. 感染引起更强的IgA+B细胞反应,影响免疫的质量和持久性.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
病毒学病毒学
儿科儿科儿科

背景情况:

粘膜免疫对于防治SARS-CoV-2等呼吸道病毒至关重要.
了解疫苗接种或感染后上呼吸道B细胞反应,可以了解粘膜免疫.

研究的目的:

为了比较SARS-CoV-2感染或mRNA疫苗接种后儿童上呼吸道组织和血液中的抗原特异性B细胞反应.
研究B细胞的特征和组织特异性记忆.

主要方法:

对抗原特异性B细胞的表征,包括切换记忆B细胞 (B SM) 和生殖中心B细胞.
在桃体,腺体和外周血液中分析B细胞种群.
评估IgA表达,CXCR3和CD21标记物,克隆扩张和血细胞分化.

主要成果:

在疫苗接种或感染后的血液和喉淋巴组织中检测到SARS-CoV-2特异性的B细胞.
与疫苗接种相比,感染导致IgA+ B SM和CXCR3+CD21+ B SM的比例更高.
受感染的个体表现出明显的B细胞局部化,更大的克隆扩张,以及增加的血细胞分化,与持久的先天和T毛囊辅助细胞激活.

结论:

无论是SARS-CoV-2感染还是接种疫苗都会诱导组织特异的B细胞记忆.
感染后与疫苗接种后的B细胞记忆的不同特征可以影响免疫的质量,持久性和局部化.

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