在成年人中描述饮食质量指标及其人口决定因素:加纳北部基于人口的研究
Paula Malebna Kolbila1, Musah Abdul-Samed2, Seidu Rahama2
1Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
Frontiers in nutrition
|September 18, 2025
概括
加纳北部的饮食模式显示,普遍消费主食和蔬菜,但水果摄入量较低. 高等教育改善了饮食质量,而种族影响了NCD风险因素.
科学领域:
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
- 公共卫生 营养 公共卫生 营养
- 非传染性疾病预防与预防
背景情况:
- 不健康的饮食模式是非传染性疾病 (NCD) 的主要风险因素,如2型糖尿病,心脏病和癌症.
- 健康的饮食对于生长,维持,活动和预防感染至关重要.
- 全球健康饮食指标包括饮食多样性,坚持推的食物组和消费NCD保护性食品.
研究的目的:
- 评估加纳北部成年加纳人的饮食模式.
- 确定与饮食模式相关的人口因素.
- 为了使评估与健康饮食和NCD预防的全球建议保持一致.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及842名成年参与者的横截面研究设计.
- 饮食质量问卷 (DQ-Q) 评估食品组多样性评分 (FGDS),遵守世卫组织所有五个食品组,NCD保护得分,NCD风险得分和全球饮食建议 (GDR) 得分.
- 统计分析包括斯皮尔曼的rho,曼-惠特尼,克鲁斯卡尔-瓦利斯测试和多重线性回归.
主要成果:
- 粉主要食品 (96.4%) 和蔬菜 (90%以上) 的高消费,但水果摄入量较低 (70%).
- 平均得分表明适度的饮食多样性和NCD保护性食品消费,NCD风险因素普遍存在.
- 高等教育是更好的饮食质量最强的预测因素;种族 (Mole-Dagbani/Gonja) 与更差的饮食质量有关;婚姻状况和年龄也显示出显著的关联.
结论:
- 虽然主食和蔬菜的消费量很高,但加纳北部的饮食只是适度多样化,普遍存在NCD风险因素.
- 饮食模式受到种族,婚姻状况和教育水平的重大影响.
- 这些发现有助于制定有针对性的饮食指南,以提高饮食质量并降低该地区的NCD风险.
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