通过检查连续性,稳定性和变化,将从童年后期到成年期的气质和人格特征联系在一起
Whitney R Ringwald1, Katherine M Lawson2, Aleksandra Kaurin3
1Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
Journal of personality and social psychology
|September 18, 2025
概括
童年气质特征预测成人个性,显示从青春期到26岁的连续性. 努力控制 (自我调节) 广泛地促进了整个生命周期的个性成熟和发展.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 人格心理学 人格心理学
- 行为遗传学 行为遗传学
背景情况:
- 人格发展理论认为,从童年到成年是连续性的.
- 儿童气质模型 (例如,罗斯巴特) 和成人人格模型 (例如,五大模型) 之间存在概念重叠.
- 缺乏连接这些特定模型的纵向研究,使得关键假设未经测试.
研究的目的:
- 纵向连接罗斯巴特的气质模型和五大个性模型.
- 测试关于人格特征发展连续性的假设.
- 检查早期气质与晚年成人个性之间的预测关系.
主要方法:
- 一项使用674名墨西哥裔青年数据的纵向研究.
- 从10-16岁评估了罗斯巴特的气质特征 (消极情绪,紧迫性,归属性,努力控制).
- 评估了14-26岁的五大个性特征,在14岁和16岁进行重叠评估.
主要成果:
- 在儿童气质和成人个性特征之间发现了显著的连续性,直到26岁.
- 努力控制在大多数五大特征中表现出广泛的预测能力,这表明它在成熟过程中发挥了作用.
- 气质特征在青春期 (12-14岁) 开始预测成年人格,支持结晶理论.
- 潜在生长模型证实了概念上相似的气质和人格特征,反映了从10岁到26岁的潜在稳定因素.
- 排名顺序稳定性是一致的,观察到努力控制/认真度的增加和负面情绪/神经主义和急迫性/外向性的下降.
结论:
- 这些发现为人格发展连续性的理论提供了新的纵向支持.
- 早期的气质,特别是努力控制,显著塑造了成年人格轨迹.
- 这项研究挑战了一些假设,揭示了意想不到的发育模式,强调了个性形成的复杂性.
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