北方鱼大脑的细胞组成
Kamilla Avelino-de-Souza1, Nina Patzke1,2, Karl Æ Karlsson3
1Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The Journal of comparative neurology
|September 18, 2025
概括
鱼大脑神经元数量被高估了. 这项研究揭示了鱼大脑遵循哺乳动物缩放规则,皮层神经元比以前认为的少,影响认知比较.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 比较解剖学的比较解剖学
- 哺乳动物进化 哺乳动物进化
背景情况:
- 鱼的大脑是哺乳动物中最大的,这引发了关于它们神经元组成的问题.
- 以前的立体学估计表明,鱼皮层神经元数量远远超过人类.
- 来自同位素分离器分析的对比预测表明,类动物的神经元数量显著下降.
研究的目的:
- 用同位素分离器方法解决鱼皮层神经元估计中的差异.
- 为了确定北方鱼大脑中神经元和非神经元细胞的总数.
- 将这些发现与数十种哺乳动物物种的数据集进行比较.
主要方法:
- 利用同位素分离器技术量化北方小鱼大脑中的细胞数量.
- 分析了大脑皮质,小脑和其他大脑区域的神经元和非神经元细胞群.
- 将鱼大脑的细胞组成与哺乳动物之间建立的定量缩放规则进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 鱼大脑皮层含有32亿个神经元,与哺乳动物的定量缩放规则保持一致,特别是类动物.
- 大脑总共有574亿个神经元 (小脑中的5420亿个神经元) 和1734亿个非神经元细胞,与哺乳动物的缩放相一致.
- 鱼表现出不寻常的18:1大脑小脑与皮质神经元的比率,可能与超声波通信有关.
结论:
- 关于鱼大脑神经元数量的立体估计已经被严重高估了.
- 当精确量化鱼大脑时,它属于已建立的哺乳动物定量缩放模式.
- 鱼的大脑结构,特别是它的高大脑小脑神经元比例,为专门的适应提供了洞察力.
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