相关实验视频
Updated: Jan 17, 2026
10:28
Author Spotlight: RNAi Inheritance and ChIP in C. elegans
Published on: May 5, 2023
4.7K
可转移的元素是反复发生的跨代表观遗传的载体
Pierre Baduel1, Louna De Oliveira1, Erwann Caillieux1
1Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), UMR 8197 CNRS, U1024 INSERM, Paris, France.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 18, 2025
概括
植物可转移元素 (TE) 可以失去DNA甲基化,影响基因并被表观遗传. 小RNAs限制了这种表观遗传,影响了基因表达和可遗传的变异.
科学领域:
- 植物表观遗传学
- 可转移部分 (TE) 条例
- 表观遗传性遗传
背景情况:
- 植物中TEs的DNA甲基化损失可能会影响附近的基因.
- 在植物中已知DNA甲基化变化的表观遗传.
- TE表观遗传的决定因素和重要性在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 在TEs研究DNA甲基化损失的跨代稳定性的决定因素.
- 确定小RNAs在抑制低甲基化表观遗传中的作用.
- 评估 TE 副基因在 Arabidopsis thaliana 的自然存在和影响.
主要方法:
- 在*Arabidopsis thaliana*的TE位点进行实验诱导的低甲基化.
- 分析小RNA种群以确定调节因素.
- 对700多种天然的Arabidopsis thaliana菌株进行基因组分析.
- 在没有DNA序列变化的情况下测试自然变异的遗传性.
主要成果:
- 从相关的TE拷贝中获得的小RNA限制了诱导低甲基化的跨代稳定性.
- 在自然菌株中观察到数百个TE位点的重复,类似的低甲基化模式,通常在基因附近.
- 大多数自然的突变是没有DNA序列变化 (真实的突变) 的继承.
- 遗传因素影响了类基因的复发和持续性.
结论:
- 小RNA在调节TEs的DNA甲基化的表观遗传中起着至关重要的作用.
- 在TEs中自然存在的表位基因在Arabidopsis thaliana中很常见,并有助于遗传的表型变异.
- 类变种可以改变基因表达并受到选择,突出显示了它们的进化意义.
相关概念视频
02:13Overview of Transposition and Recombination
18.8K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
18.8K
03:08LTR Retrotransposons
19.5K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
19.5K
01:24Transposons
1.4K
Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
1.4K
02:57DNA-only Transposons
17.2K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
17.2K
03:18Non-LTR Retrotransposons
13.2K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
13.2K
02:33Retroviruses
14.6K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
14.6K