维生素B补充剂对老年人全球认知功能的有效性:系统性审查和元分析
Jade Berg1,2, Ross Grant2, Mario Siervo3,4,5
1School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2350, Australia.
Nutrition reviews
|September 18, 2025
概括
在老年人中,补充维生素B对全球认知功能的好处很小. 高确定性证据支持这一发现,尽管初步结果显示了相当大的异质性.
科学领域:
- 老年学和营养神经科学
- 基于证据的医学基于证据的医学.
背景情况:
- 高水平的homocysteine与大脑缩和痴呆症有关.
- 补充维生素B是潜在的低成本干预大脑健康.
- 以前的元分析结果不一致,缺乏质量评估.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析维生素B补充剂对老年人全球认知功能的影响.
- 用GRADE方法评估证据的确定性.
- 通过元回归来探索异质性.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Embase,PsychInfo,Scopus和Cochrane图书馆系统搜索随机对照试验 (RCT).
- 纳入标准:年龄≥60岁的参与者,B族维生素 (B6,B9,B12) 干预期≥26周,安慰剂或常规护理对照,以及量化的全球认知功能.
- 分析了17个具有5275名参与者的RCT.
主要成果:
- 最初的分析显示,小到中等程度的改善 (赫奇斯的g=0.423) 确定性非常低 (I2=92.71%).
- 超回归确定了异常值和单一盲定作为异质性的来源.
- 除了这些研究,结果是很小的影响 (g = 0.110) 具有很高的确定性 (I2 = 15.39%),无论认知状态如何.
结论:
- 高确定性证据表明,维生素B6,B9或B12补充对老年人全球认知功能的好处非常小.
- 这种影响在不同认知障碍水平上是最小的和一致的.
- 这项研究提供了对B族维生素对老年人群认知健康功效的有力的评估.
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