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从感知单词到阅读:在文字阅读过程中,神经多变量表示子词汇与词汇语义处理

Abraham Sánchez¹, Pedro M Paz-Alonso², Manuel Carreiras³

¹Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language (BCBL), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.

|September 18, 2025

概括

这项研究揭示了处理单词含义 (语义) 和单词形式 (亚词汇) 的不同大脑区域. 语义信息在前额头和后额头部区域进行处理,而下信息在后部区域进行处理.

科学领域:

语言的神经生物学语言的神经生物学
认知神经科学认知神经科学
神经成像是一种神经成像.

背景情况:

语义认知的神经基础得到了很好的研究,但从视觉语言输入中提取意义仍然不清楚.
之前的研究使用了心理语言特性和自然语言处理 (NLP) 模型,缺乏对子词汇和词汇语义处理的直接比较.
对于语言的神经生物学来说,理解子词汇 (声学,拼写) 和词汇-语义系统之间的相互作用至关重要.

研究的目的:

在视觉文字处理过程中调查亚词语和词语语义信息的独特神经表征.
为了比较与心理语言特征相关的大脑活动模式,NLP模型,以及它们与语义和子词汇特征的关系.
阐明大脑中的亚词语和词语语义系统如何相互作用.

主要方法:

功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 研究,30名参与者执行一个词汇决策任务.
仔细控制副词汇 (语音,拼写) 和词汇语义性质 (词汇频率,熟悉性,具体性).
代表性相似性分析 (RSA) 将多变量大脑模式与子词汇,语义和NLP (词向量) 关系模型进行比较.

主要成果:

发现亚词汇和词语语义表征在左下额叶回环 (IFG) 和腹皮质皮层 (vOTC) 中招募了不同的大脑区域.
前面的IFG和vOTC显示了语义模型的表示,而后面的IFG (例如,SMA) 和后面的vOTC (例如,V3-V4) 则表示了副词模型.
语义和NLP模型都汇聚在关键的语义枢纽中,包括下前叶 (ATL),副海马圈和前IFG.

结论:

这些发现描绘了在人类大脑中处理单词形式与单词含义的独特神经通路.
这项研究提供了对视觉语言理解背后的神经生物学机制的关键见解.
语义和NLP模型在特定的大脑区域的融合凸显了它们作为语义中心的作用.

关键词:

词汇处理是指词汇处理.自然语言处理自然语言处理.代表性的相似性分析.语义学是一个语义学.亚词汇处理亚词汇处理功能磁力共振成像 (fMRI) 是一种

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