使用增强机器学习管道和可解释AI的肺癌风险预测
Pavithran M S1, Saranyaraj D1, Anirban Chakrabortty1
1School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Tamil Nadu, India.
Frontiers in artificial intelligence
|September 19, 2025
概括
用于肺癌预测的机器学习模型与不平衡的数据作斗争. 采用多层感知子分类器的K-Means SMOTE增强实现了93.55%的准确性,改善了肺癌风险预测.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 计算机科学 计算机科学
背景情况:
- 肺癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因,需要提高诊断准确度.
- 机器学习 (ML) 显示了肺癌预测的潜力,但临床数据集经常遭受类不平衡,阻碍了分类器的性能.
- 阶级不平衡导致偏见的预测和医学诊断的ML模型的精度降低.
研究的目的:
- 用ML评估各种数据增强技术在解决肺癌预测阶级不平衡方面的有效性.
- 为了比较不同增强-分类器组合在小,不平衡的肺癌数据集上的性能.
- 提高基于ML的肺癌风险预测模型的准确性和可靠性.
主要方法:
- 将几种数据增强技术应用于具有显著类不平衡的小型肺癌数据集.
- 训练和评估各种ML分类器与这些增强方法相结合.
- 使用K-Means SMOTE与多层感知器 (MLP) 分类器相结合进行比较分析.
- 使用LIME (局部可解释的模型不可知解释) 来实现模型的可解释性.
主要成果:
- 结合K-Means SMOTE数据增强和多层感知子分类器,获得了最高的性能.
- 获得了93.55%的分类准确率和96.76%的接收器操作特征曲线 (AUC-ROC) 下面面积得分.
- 这种增强-分类器对显著优于其他测试的组合,证明了优化数据增强的影响.
结论:
- 数据增强技术对于缓解基于ML的医学预测任务中的类失衡问题至关重要.
- K-Means SMOTE和MLP组合是一种有前途的方法,可以提高肺癌风险预测的准确性.
- 用更大,更具代表性的数据集进行进一步验证是有必要的,以将这些发现转化为临床工具.
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