挑战和突破:CAR-T细胞治疗实体瘤临床试验的现状和未来前景
Jing Guo1, Chunhe Zhou1, Hongmei Zhao1
1The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Frontiers in oncology
|September 19, 2025
概括
化学抗原受体T细胞 (CAR-T) 疗法对固体瘤具有前景,但抗原逃逸和瘤微环境等挑战仍然存在. 未来的战略重点是优化CAR-T设计和组合疗法,以获得更广泛的临床应用.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 免疫治疗是一种免疫疗法.
- 细胞疗法细胞疗法
背景情况:
- 化学抗原受体T细胞 (CAR-T) 疗法对血液癌症有效,但在固体瘤中面临挑战.
- 固体瘤代表了对先进癌症治疗的重大未满足需求.
- 本综述审查了针对主要固体瘤的近期CAR-T疗法临床试验.
研究的目的:
- 在固体瘤中审查CAR-T治疗的最新临床试验.
- 评估针对特定瘤相关抗原的CAR-T疗效.
- 讨论在固体瘤中CAR-T治疗的挑战和优化策略.
主要方法:
- 对治疗质瘤,结肠直肠癌,胰腺癌,前列腺癌和肺癌的CAR-T治疗临床试验的系统审查.
- 对针对EGFR,IL13Rα2,GD2,B7-H3,CEA,MSLN,PSCA/PSMA和ROR1.1.等抗原的研究进行评估.
- 分析CAR-T细胞工程,输送方法和组合疗法.
主要成果:
- 局部输送和双向的CAR-T细胞显示出对抗原逃逸和功能改善的潜力.
- 一些研究表明显著的生存益处和瘤缓解.
- 挑战包括抗原异质性,免疫抑制瘤微环境,CAR-T细胞持久性和毒性.
结论:
- 卡特-T疗法对固体瘤具有前景,目前正在研究克服目前的局限性.
- 优化策略包括改进的目标选择,组合疗法 (例如免疫检查点抑制剂) 和先进的CAR设计.
- 预计进一步的开发将提高对固体瘤的CAR-T疗法的临床翻译.
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