相关实验视频
Updated: Jan 17, 2026

08:50
A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
Published on: April 21, 2022
2.9K
在真核转录体中CDS和UTR非正规RNAG四重复结构的差异进化
Eugene Yui-Ching Chow1, Jieyu Zhao2, Chun Kit Kwok2,3
1School of Life Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China.
Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics
|September 19, 2025
概括
关键的RNA结构RNA G-四复合体 (rG4s) 在10亿多年里发生了显著的进化. 非正规的rG4s主导着真核转录组,未翻译的区域rG4s越来越受到编码区域的青.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- RNA G-四复合体 (rG4s) 是具有调节作用的四链RNA结构.
- 虽然正典rG4s被广泛研究,但非正典形式的重要性越来越被认可.
- 了解rG4进化为基因调节提供了洞察力.
研究的目的:
- 通过实验确定和生物信息学分析eukaryotic物种中的rG4结构.
- 为了研究rG4s超过10亿年的进化轨迹和组成动态.
- 区分编码序列 (CDS) 和未翻译区域 (UTR) 之间的进化模式 rG4s.
主要方法:
- 实验确定rG4结构.
- 在真核生物物种中对rG4omes进行大规模的生物信息分析.
- 对CDS和UTR的比较进化分析rG4s.
主要成果:
- rG4s是真核转录组的组成部分,非正规形式占主导地位.
- 随着进化时间的推移,rG4ome已经扩大,转向了UTR rG4s而不是CDS rG4s.
- 对于CDS和UTR rG4s,观察到不同的进化模式,包括哺乳动物中UTR rG4的快速出现.
结论:
- 非正规的rG4s在进化过程中得到了保护,并且在真核生物中越来越普遍.
- 转向UTR rG4s和哺乳动物的特定进化动态是关键发现.
- 这项研究提供了对rG4演变的全面观点,并强调了非正典结构的重要性.
相关概念视频
Bacterial Transcription
35.7K
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
35.7K
Bacterial RNA Polymerase
32.5K
Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
32.5K
Leaky Scanning
5.6K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.6K
RNA Stability
35.6K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
35.6K
RNA Editing
9.8K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
9.8K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
8.0K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
8.0K

