重新思考新生儿社交性的研究:挑战和机遇
1Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
Infant behavior & development
|September 19, 2025
概括
新生儿表现出令人惊的社会能力,包括从出生起的沟通和互动. 研究必须扩展到平均发育之外,包括多样化的人口,并承认早期的社会学习,以完全了解婴儿发育.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 婴儿社会认知婴儿社会认知
- 新生儿行为新生儿行为
背景情况:
- 最近的研究强调,新生儿在出生后28天内具有显著的社会能力.
- 这些包括相互凝视,社交微笑和发声,表明沟通期望和行动预测.
- 然而,新生儿发育科学的进步面临着几个障碍.
研究的目的:
- 审查阻碍新生儿发育科学进步的关键障碍.
- 倡导包括个人之间的差异和多样化的人口在内的研究.
- 挑战新生儿作为被动生物的概念,并强调早期社会学习的作用.
主要方法:
- 在过去的25年里,对新生儿社交性的经验证据的审查.
- 发展科学中常见的研究实践和假设的分析.
- 批评关注"平均"发育和忽视个体间的变化.
主要成果:
- 新生儿社会行为研究主要侧重于来自有限的人口统计的"平均"发展,忽视了关键的个人间差异.
- 在新生儿出生后的第一周以后,对新生儿社交性的研究很少,部分原因是新生儿被误认为是反射和被动的.
- 新生儿的行为在很大程度上是由早期的社会经验塑造的,这与对经验独立的假设相反.
结论:
- 目前关于新生儿发育的研究实践不足,忽视了早期社会学习的多样性和可塑性.
- 过度依赖"平均"发育和有限的学习时间阻碍了对婴儿社会潜力的全面理解.
- 未来的研究必须包括个体间的变化和多样化的群体,以准确地描述新生儿的社会表现和发育轨迹.
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