老龄人口的肠道微生物群的认知功能和饮食指数:关联和机器学习选模型
1Department of Computer and Simulation Technology, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Physiology & behavior
|September 19, 2025
概括
较高的肠道微生物群 (DI-GM) 饮食指数得分与更好的认知功能和较低的老年人损伤风险有关. 这表明,针对肠道微生物群的饮食策略可能有助于大脑健康.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 全球人口老龄化带来了认知障碍的日益挑战.
- 人们越来越认识到肠道微生物群-大脑轴在认知调节中的作用.
- 饮食是影响肠道微生物群组成和功能的关键可修改因素.
研究的目的:
- 调查肠道微生物群饮食指数 (DI-GM) 与老年人认知功能之间的关联.
- 评估DI-GM对认知障碍的预测价值.
- 确定与老年人群认知功能和损伤相关的关键因素.
主要方法:
- 分析了NHANES (2011-2014) 中2168名老年参与者的数据.
- 线性回归与光滑曲线拟合,以评估DI-GM和认知功能关联.
- 机器学习模型 (XGBoost,AdaBoost,随机森林) 开发用于认知障碍预测,以SHAP分析为特征的重要性.
主要成果:
- 经过对共变量进行调整后,较高的DI-GM得分与更好的认知功能 (β = 1.25,p = 0.0001) 和认知障碍的可能性降低 (OR = 0.91,p = 0.023) 有显著的关联.
- 亚组分析表明,在不同人群中,结果一致,婚姻状况作为调节者.
- XGBoost模型显示了最佳预测 (AUC = 0.87),确定年龄,糖尿病和DI-GM作为关键预测特征.
结论:
- DI-GM显示了与认知功能的积极关联和与认知障碍概率的负面关联.
- 针对肠道微生物群的饮食干预可以提供一种在衰老中进行认知保护的策略.
- 优化饮食,管理糖尿病等慢性疾病,考虑年龄对于保持老年人的认知健康至关重要.
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