刺的不规则的口鼻系统是分离和均之间的中间体:在Laurasiatheria中,2型受体 (V2R) 途径如何在进化过程中丢失?
Daisuke Kondoh1, Yusuke K Kawai1, Keiko Sakai2,3
1Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.
Chemical senses
|September 20, 2025
概括
刺拥有独特的口鼻系统 (VNS),包括V1R/Gαi2和V2R/Gαo神经元,在辅助嗅觉球泡 (AOB) 中呈现中间投射模式. 这一发现为Laurasiatheria的V2R途径的进化损失提供了洞察力.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 嗅觉系统研究 嗅觉系统研究
背景情况:
- 哺乳动物的口腔鼻腔系统 (VNS) 对于检测诸如费洛蒙等化学线索至关重要.
- VNS受体类型 (V1R和V2R) 和它们的G蛋白合 (Gαi2和Gαo) 通常投射到辅助嗅觉球 (AOB) 的分离或均区域.
- 大多数Laurasiatheria物种表现出统一的VNS,这表明V2R通路的后投影可能已经丢失.
研究的目的:
- 调查刺中VNS结构和神经元投射,这是一个早期分离的Laurasiatheria群.
- 确定刺的VNS是否为V2R路径的进化减少提供了证据.
主要方法:
- 在非洲矮人 (Atelerix albiventris) 中,使用对Gαi2和Gαo的抗体对鼻器官 (VNO) 和AOB进行免疫组合化学染色.
- 在AOB中分析神经元投射,包括质层映射.
- 双重免疫光染色以确定AOB质体中V1R/Gαi2和V2R/Gαo轴突的同定位.
主要成果:
- 刺VNO包含V1R/Gαi2-和V2R/Gαo-神经元.
- 刺AOB全身呈现Gαi2阳性染色,后半部分有额外的Gαo阳性染色,这是一个中间模式.
- 双重染色揭示了后部AOB质体中的V1R/Gαi2-和V2R/Gαo-axon的混合物.
结论:
- 刺VNS显示了一个中间投射模式,与其他哺乳动物中发现的典型分离和均类型不同.
- 这些发现表明,刺VNS可能代表进化过程中的过渡状态,导致Laurasiatheria的V2R后部途径的丧失.
- 这项研究提供了关于哺乳动物VNS的进化动态的关键数据.
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