未来的时间视角和福祉:生态谬论和社会关系评分的陷
Yizhi Zhang1, Zhengqi Wei1,2, Yang Liu1,3
1Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
概括
在老年人中,有限的未来时间视角 (FTP) 可以降低幸福感,但这种影响因分析水平而异. 专注于亲密和边缘的社会关系可以提高生活满意度.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 社会情感选择性理论认为,有限的未来时间视角 (FTP) 通过优先考虑亲密关系来提高老年人的福祉.
- 关于FTP和幸福感的经验证据是矛盾的,可能是由于跨层次推断错误和社会关系得分的多样化.
研究的目的:
- 研究未来时间视角 (FTP) 与老年人的幸福感之间的复杂关系.
- 检查不同的社会关系评分方法和分析水平 (个人内部,个人间,群体间) 如何影响研究结果.
主要方法:
- 利用了中国健康与退休长度研究 (CHARLS,2011-2020) 的5个波浪,共有16694名参与者.
- 使用抑郁症状和生活满意度来评估幸福感.
- 采用多层调解模型来分析FTP,社会关系和个人和队列层面的福祉之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 限定的FTP与各级抑郁症状的增加相关.
- 生活满意度在个人内部和个人之间的水平上有所下降,但在有限的FTP的情况下,在队列之间的水平上有所增加.
- 偏爱亲密的关系并不总是提高幸福感;减少边缘关系对幸福感产生了负面影响.
结论:
- 结果表明部分的辛普森悖论,其中有限的FTP显示了对生活满意度和个人与队列层面的亲密关系的相反影响.
- 促进与亲密和边缘社会伙伴互动的干预措施可能是改善老年人福祉的关键.
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