从衰老到太空:骨肌肉退化的比较生物学
1Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Space Medicine Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease
|September 20, 2025
概括
老化肌肉损失 (肉类衰老) 和因模拟微重力而导致的肌肉缩共享分子途径,但在时间和特定反应方面有所不同. 了解这些差异有助于为这两种情况制定对策.
科学领域:
- 肌肉生理学和分子生物学
- 衰老的研究研究.
- 太空飞行生物学
背景情况:
- 随着年龄的增长而导致的肌肉损失萨尔科佩尼亚 (Sarcopenia) 是一个严重的健康问题.
- 废弃和卸载,就像模拟微重力一样,也会导致肌肉缩.
- 通过比较这些情况,可以了解肌肉的维护和损失.
研究的目的:
- 审查和比较骨肌肉对模拟微重力和与衰老相关的肉症的分子,细胞和生理反应.
- 在这两种情况下,识别导致肌肉损失的重叠和独特机制.
- 探索肌肉缩的潜在干预措施.
主要方法:
- 文献综述侧重于分子和细胞反应.
- 信号通路的比较,包括IGF-1/Akt/mTOR,FOXO,AMPK-PGC-1α,myostatin-Smad,YAP/TAZ和NRF2.2等信号通路.
- 分析线粒体功能,蛋白质分解,自和神经肌肉结合稳定性的分析.
主要成果:
- 模拟的微重力迅速抑制IGF-1/Akt/mTOR,激活FOXO蛋白质分解,并损害线粒体,反映加速衰老.
- 对于微重力来说是独一无二的:早期的肌态素-Smad上调和自激活,具有部分可逆性.
- 在机械传导 (YAP/TAZ) 和氧化还原通路 (NRF2) 中观察到明显的反应.
结论:
- 模拟的微重力模型提供了一个可控的平台来研究肉症机制.
- 确定了肌肉缩的重叠和独特的分子特征.
- 洞察力可以在临床和太空飞行环境中为肌肉损失提供有针对性的对策.
相关概念视频
01:21Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy
2.3K
Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
2.3K
01:19The Effect of Aging on Tissues
3.4K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
3.4K
00:55Skeletal Muscle Anatomy
92.6K
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of muscle in the body. Tendons are the connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones. Skeletal muscles pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones to carry out voluntary movements.
92.6K
01:15Overview of Skeletal Muscle
14.3K
Skeletal muscles are composed of a bundle of muscle fibers and are attached to bones through tendons. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell. The sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell, consists of a lipid bilayer and glycocalyx that supports muscle fibers. The sarcolemma extends into the muscle cells to form tubular structures called transverse or T-tubules. Each side of the T-tubules consists of a membrane-bound structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum,...
14.3K
01:26Cross-bridge Cycle
122.2K
As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
122.2K
01:13Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
22.2K
Skeletal muscle cells, also called muscle fibers, are distinctly elongated, multi-nucleated, slender biological units. They are packed with specialized structures designed to facilitate their primary function, which is contraction.
The muscle sarcolemma is a plasma membrane enclosing each muscle cell that conducts electrical signals called action potentials. The sarcolemma extends into the cell to form T-tubules, ensuring the neural impulses are uniformly distributed across the entire muscle...
The muscle sarcolemma is a plasma membrane enclosing each muscle cell that conducts electrical signals called action potentials. The sarcolemma extends into the cell to form T-tubules, ensuring the neural impulses are uniformly distributed across the entire muscle...
22.2K