在接受SARS-CoV-2突破性感染的COVID-19接种疫苗的受试者中减少了尖端特异性T细胞反应
Stefania Varchetta1, Federica Sole Golfetto1, Patrizia Bono2
1Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Frontiers in immunology
|September 22, 2025
概括
接种疫苗后感染的受疫人显示T细胞反应减少,免疫检查点表达增加. 自然的SARS-CoV-2感染增强了细胞免疫力,恢复了T细胞功能,扩大了记忆NK细胞.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 对SARS-CoV-2的T细胞免疫力至关重要,但可能会受到宿主免疫状况的影响.
- 疫苗接种后感染 (PVI) 后T细胞反应的数据有限.
- 减弱的中和抗体与各种变体中保存的T细胞反应形成对比.
研究的目的:
- 评估PVI和没有PVI的接种疫苗的个体中斯派克特异性T细胞反应.
- 评估免疫特征,包括T细胞耗尽标志物和NK细胞子集.
- 了解PVI和随后的自然感染对细胞免疫力的影响.
主要方法:
- 在32名接种疫苗的人 (16名PVI) 中评估了尖端特异性T细胞反应.
- 在接种疫苗后和感染后的三个时间点评估免疫反应.
- 测量了抗抗体水平,T细胞耗尽标记 (例如,LAG-3) 和NK细胞子集 (例如,NKG2C+).
主要成果:
- 与未感染个体相比,PVI受试者在增强剂后显示了斯派克特异性CD4T细胞反应的降低.
- 在PVI受试者中观察到LAG-3+T细胞 (CD4+和CD8+) 的频率增加.
- 自然感染增强了T细胞反应,并在PVI个体中扩大了NKG2C+NK细胞.
结论:
- PVI与促进剂诱导的CD4+T细胞反应受损和LAG-3表达增加有关.
- 自然感染恢复和增强细胞免疫力,包括Spike特异性T细胞和记忆NK细胞.
- 低斯派克特异性T细胞反应的特征与对突破性SARS-CoV-2感染的易感性增加有关.
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