从1990年到2030年,中国的营养不足负担,趋势和预测
Bijuan Chen1, Huanhuan Yang1, Wei Zheng1
1Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
Frontiers in nutrition
|September 22, 2025
概括
自1990年以来,中国的营养不足明显减少,但女性和老年人仍然面临更大的负担. 针对性干预对于解决这些持续存在的性别和年龄差异至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 营养缺陷是一个重大的公共卫生挑战,特别是在中国.
- 了解长期趋势和人口特异性负担对于有效干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析1990年至2021年中国营养不足的趋势和负担.
- 确定性别和年龄特定的差异,并探索潜在的驱动因素.
- 预测到2030年的未来趋势.
主要方法:
- 利用了2021年全球疾病负担研究的数据.
- 使用Joinpoint回归用于趋势分析和贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列 (APC) 建模用于预测.
- 进行了分解分析,以确定负载变化的驱动因素.
主要成果:
- 在2021年,中国记录了460万事件和1461万常见的营养缺乏病例.
- 从1990年到2021年,观察到年龄标准化负担的大幅下降,蛋白质能量营养不良和维生素A缺乏症的显著减少.
- 女人表现出更高的负担 (流行率,YLDs,DALYs),而男性的死亡率和YLL率更高. 年轻的队伍显示负担较低,但老年人面临着越来越大的负担.
- 流行病学改善是减轻负担的主要驱动因素,尽管人口老龄化部分抵消了这些收益.
结论:
- 尽管取得了进展,但在中国,营养缺乏负担的性别和年龄差异仍然很大.
- 对妇女和老年人进行持续监测和有针对性的干预是必不可少的.
- 可持续的进步需要解决剩余的差距,并调整战略以适应人口结构的变化.
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