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贝叶斯估计得出了反韦伯变异性的结果
Arthur Prat-Carrabin1, Samuel J Gershman1
1Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
PNAS nexus
|September 22, 2025
概括
人类的感知显示较大数字的变化较小,挑战了传统的心理物理学. 这种"反韦伯行为"在贝叶斯模型和人类受试者中被观察到,这表明自然先验影响知觉.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 心理物理学的精神物理.
- 计算神经科学是一种神经科学.
背景情况:
- 人类的感知通常表现出韦伯行为,其中响应变化随着刺激大小的增加而增加.
- 著名的贝叶斯观念观念范式并没有广泛关注韦伯行为.
- 以前的模型通常假定线性编码,未能捕捉某些感知模式.
研究的目的:
- 与人类实验对象相比,研究贝叶斯观察者的变性.
- 检查操纵先前分布和奖励函数如何影响感知变化.
- 调和观察到的感知模式与既定的心理物理原理和贝叶斯框架.
主要方法:
- 进行了两个预先注册的实验,涉及到数量估计任务.
- 操纵了数字的先验概率分布.
- 改变了与准确估计相关的奖励函数.
- 对比人类对贝叶斯观察者模型预测的反应.
主要成果:
- 贝叶斯观察者表现出"反韦伯行为" (较大数量的变化较少),当大数量更频繁或更有回报时.
- 人类对象表现出类似的反韦伯行为,与经典的心理物理发现相矛盾.
- 受试者的反应最好通过对数的对数编码来解释,与费克纳的建议保持一致.
结论:
- 人类的感知可以表现出反韦伯的行为,挑战长期的心理物理结果.
- 贝叶斯模型在特定条件下 (例如,倾斜的先验) 可以复制这种反韦伯行为.
- 以前与韦伯行为相关的对数编码在这种情况下与反韦伯行为兼容.
- 自然先验的倾斜性被认为是感知变化增加的主要驱动因素.
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