医疗保健工作者传播乙型肝炎的风险 - - 系统性审查
Roland Diel1, Albert Nienhaus2
1Institute of Epidemiology, University Medical Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
GMS hygiene and infection control
|September 22, 2025
概括
从医疗保健工作者 (HCW) 到患者传播乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 的风险尚不清楚. 仅有有限的证据可以为指导指南提供指导,以排除感染HCW在易暴露程序 (EPP) 中.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.
背景情况:
- 医疗保健工作者 (HCW) 具有已知的乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 传播风险.
- 目前关于将感染HCW排除在易暴露程序 (EPP) 的指导方针缺乏强有力的支持证据.
- 从HCW传播到患者的HBV传播风险的特征仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查有关从HCW传播到患者的HBV传播的现有文献.
- 评估血清学数据,支持当前关于将HCW排除在EPP之外的指导方针.
- 确定了解感染HCW的HBV传播动态的证据差距.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA指南进行了系统审查.
- 在MEDLINE,Scopus和Cochrane数据库中搜索了2024年9月之前发表的研究.
- 包括提供关于HBV从HCW传播到患者的血清学数据的研究.
主要成果:
- 39项研究符合纳入标准,涉及53个HCW作为源病例和25000名测试个人.
- 确定了66例确诊,100例可能和480例可能的HBV从HCW传播给患者.
- 观察到HBV病毒载量的显著变化,即使在HBeAg阴性HCW中,也使安全传播值的定义变得复杂.
结论:
- 关于从HCW传播到患者的HBV传播的文献稀少.
- 现有证据为制定国家预防准则提供了有限的指导.
- 需要进一步的研究,以确定HCW执行EPP的明确安全门.
相关概念视频
Standard Precaution
2.8K
Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
2.8K
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
3.6K
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
3.6K
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets
4.5K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
4.5K
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
1.8K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.8K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
13.3K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.3K
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
407
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
407


