语境影响:话语结构影响自闭症和一级亲属的叙事能力
Emily Landau1, Kritika Nayar1,2, Gary E Martin3
1Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.
Frontiers in psychiatry
|September 22, 2025
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的人及其亲属表现出叙事挑战. 讲故事的能力可能受到与ASD相关的遗传学的影响,影响社会沟通.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 叙事能力对于社会沟通成功至关重要,并且在自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 中经常受到损害.
- 一级亲属之间的微妙叙事差异表明,与ASD存在潜在的遗传联系.
- 不太结构化的叙事任务,如自由形式的重述,突出了潜在的注意力,语言和执行功能差异.
研究的目的:
- 与最初的叙事任务相比,在较不结构化的重述环境中调查叙事质量.
- 在第一次讲述任务和随后的叙述重述质量期间,检查叙述和视觉注意力之间的关系.
- 描述ASD个体及其一级亲属的叙事崩.
主要方法:
- 在"第一次讲述"任务 (用视觉辅助工具) 和不那么结构化的"重述"任务之间比较叙事质量.
- 包括自闭症患者,他们的父母,兄弟姐妹和对照组.
- 在"第一讲"任务中收集的眼睛跟踪数据,以评估视觉注意力.
主要成果:
- 在所有群体中,叙事重述的复杂性都不如第一次讲述的叙事.
- "第一次讲述"任务中的叙述质量与所有参与者的"重述"任务中的质量相关.
- 在ASD个体,他们的父母和兄弟姐妹之间观察到重叠的叙事质量模式.
- 在"第一次讲述"任务中的视觉注意力和"重述"任务中的叙事质量之间没有发现显著的关联.
结论:
- 结果证实了自闭症的叙述困难,并表明对一级亲属的微妙影响,支持遗传影响.
- 在不太结构化的重述中观察到的挑战反映了ASD个体在现实世界中沟通的困难.
- 结果强调了叙事技能在社会互动中的重要性,并可能为有针对性的干预提供信息.
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