美国自身免疫性甲状腺疾病:人口患病率,诊断率和趋势
Charles F Dillon1, Michael H Weisman2, Angela M Leung3,4
1National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
Journal of the Endocrine Society
|September 22, 2025
概括
自身免疫性甲状腺疾病 (AITD) 影响着数百万美国成年人,患病率稳定但诊断率有所改善. 数以百万计的人仍然未被诊断出来,特别是女性,男性和年轻人,这突显了公共卫生面临的重大挑战.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 自免疫甲状腺疾病 (AITD) 的文献广泛,但美国基于人口的患病率数据很少.
- 了解AITD的国家负担对于公共卫生倡议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定美国人口中AITD的患病率.
- 评估被诊断的与未被诊断的AITD病例的比例.
- 分析随着时间的推移,AITD流行和诊断的趋势.
主要方法:
- 利用来自美国国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 的横截面,全国代表性数据.
- 分析了1988-1994 (n=15,313) 和2007-2012 (n=8,775) 年的甲状腺数据,用于成人AITD患病率.
- 按诊断状况,年龄和性别分层的患病率;估计的趋势和受影响的人口数量.
主要成果:
- 美国AITD患病率在1988-1994年和2007-2012年期间保持稳定,约为5.2%-5.3%.
- 在研究期间,诊断率从37%增加到57%.
- 在女性中AITD的患病率是男性的两倍 (6.8%-7.7%) 和男性的两倍 (2.7%-3.2%),女性的诊断率较高 (41%-64%),男性的诊断率较高 (29%-36%).
结论:
- 根据最近的数据,估计有1160万美国成年人患有AITD,患病率稳定,但未诊断的病例相当大.
- 诊断率仍然存在显著差异,三分之一的女性和超过60%的男性和年轻人仍未被诊断.
- 解决未被诊断的AITD负担对于改善患者结果和公共健康至关重要.
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