高跳运动员在激活后性能提升的幅度和时间过程中的力量依赖差异
Javier Sanchez-Sanchez1, Alejandro Rodríguez-Fernández2
1Research Group Planning and Assessment of Training and Athletic Performance, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology
|September 22, 2025
概括
个体力量水平显著影响高空跳跃者激活后性能增强 (PAPE) 的时间和有效性. 较强的运动员可以从多种方案中获益,而较弱的运动员需要更少的强度刺激和特定的恢复期.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 激活后性能增强 (PAPE) 极大地提高了爆炸性的作用.
- PAPE的时间过程可以根据个体的力量水平进行调节.
- 了解这些调制对于优化运动员训练至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了分析训练有素的跳高者对三个PAPE协议的性能反应.
- 研究个体强度水平对PAPE的影响.
- 为了确定不同强度组的PAPE最佳恢复时间.
主要方法:
- 21名男子跳高者被分为强者和弱者组,基于半坐测试.
- 参与者完成了三个基于坐的PAPE协议,具有不同的速度损失值 (5%,10%,15%).
- 在干预后的多个时间点评估了10米冲刺和反运动跳跃的表现.
主要成果:
- 对于冲刺或跳跃的表现,没有发现有意义的三向相互作用.
- 更强壮的运动员始终表现出更高的绝对反运动跳跃表现.
- 这两组在激活后4-8分钟内都在冲刺和跳跃表现上表现出暂时的,显著的改善.
结论:
- 运动员的力量水平显著调节PAPE的时间轨迹和大小.
- 更强壮的运动员对一系列PAPE协议做出了很好的反应,恢复时间为4-8分钟.
- 较弱的运动员从要求较低的协议 (5%的速度损失) 中获益最多,恢复时间足够长 (≈4分钟),对于要求更高的协议,需要更长的恢复时间 (≈8分钟).
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