水平和垂直单腿跳跃之间的生物机械差异:每个跳跃可能会揭示什么功能障碍?
Henrique Lelis Clemente de Oliveira1, Pedro Vieira Sarmet Moreira1,2, Luciano Luporini Menegaldo1
1Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Sports biomechanics
|September 22, 2025
概括
单腿跳跃揭示了高度与距离的不同神经机械策略. 了解这些共同努力和肌肉协调的差异是评估下肢肌肉骨健康和识别特定缺陷的关键.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 肌肉骨健康 肌肉骨健康
- 神经肌肉功能 神经肌肉功能
背景情况:
- 跳跃通常用于评估肌肉骨健康.
- 跳跃类型之间的神经机械差异可能表明特定的关节和肌肉缺陷.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究单脚跳跃最大高度和距离的神经机械差异.
- 识别与推进和着陆阶段有关的关节和肌肉特异性缺陷.
主要方法:
- 十九名健康女性进行了单腿跳跃,以达到最大的高度和距离.
- 记录了3D动力学,地面反应力和电肌学 (EMG).
- 分析包括OpenSim用于关节扭矩,非负矩阵因子化用于肌肉协同作用,以及统计参数映射.
主要成果:
- 最大高度跳跃需要更大的部努力,强调膝盖力学,并涉及骨盆错位.
- 从高度跳跃降落增加了古怪的膝盖延伸和骨盆倾斜需求,而远距离跳跃需要更多的腰部延伸.
- 远距离跳跃显示膝盖延伸扭矩减少,膝盖,干部和部的曲增加,可能保护膝盖.
- 推进EMG通过两个肌肉协同重建,而降落需要三个,表明更大的复杂性.
结论:
- 对于最大高度与距离单腿跳跃,使用了不同的神经机械策略.
- 关节扭矩,动力学和肌肉协同复杂性的差异突出了每个跳跃类型的特定需求.
- 需要进行定制的评估,以针对下肢功能的特定神经肌肉和生物力学方面.
相关概念视频
01:28Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes
The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.
01:29Hydraulic Jump
A hydraulic jump is a sudden rise in fluid depth in open channels, occurring when high-velocity (supercritical) flow transitions to low-velocity (subcritical) flow. This phenomenon requires an upstream Froude number greater than 1, as flows with Fr1<1 remain subcritical, making a hydraulic jump impossible due to the need for negative head loss, which violates thermodynamic principles.The characteristics of a hydraulic jump depend on the upstream Froude number and are classified as...
01:16Hydraulic Jump: Problem Solving
To analyze a hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel with a flow speed of 6 meters per second, follow these steps:Calculate Effective Upstream Velocity:When the downstream gate closes, a hydraulic jump forms, traveling upstream at 2 meters per second. This wave speed combines with the initial channel flow velocity, creating an effective upstream velocity.Identify Flow Velocities Before and After the Hydraulic Jump:Upstream of the hydraulic jump, the effective flow velocity includes both the...