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相关概念视频

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

256
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
256
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
212
Dosage Regimen: Multiple Oral Dosage01:25

Dosage Regimen: Multiple Oral Dosage

232
Understanding how a drug's concentration fluctuates within the body over time is crucial in pharmacokinetics, particularly with multiple oral doses. A graphical representation of multiple oral dosages provides insight into these dynamics. Typical accumulation curves of a drug's concentration in the body reveal a sawtooth pattern, indicating periodic peaks and troughs correlating with each dose administration and the drug's subsequent elimination.The plasma concentration at any time during an...
232
Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

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Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...
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Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

166
Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
166
Dosage Interval and Administration Route: Determination Methods01:19

Dosage Interval and Administration Route: Determination Methods

226
A medication’s effectiveness largely depends on its appropriate dosage and the route of administration. Dosage ensures that a sufficient drug concentration is maintained in the bloodstream to elicit the desired therapeutic effect without causing toxicity. The route of administration affects the drug's bioavailability, rate of absorption, and onset of action, which are crucial for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. Drug dosage calculations are critical to tailoring therapy to...
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两岁以下儿童的艾弗梅克丁剂量

Wenyu Yang1, Andrew Steer2,3, Ben Coghlan4

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
|September 23, 2025
PubMed
概括

为两岁以下的儿童开发了一种新的ivermectin剂量策略. 这旨在为幼儿提供安全有效的治疗,等待临床试验评估.

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科学领域:

  • 药理动力学和药理动力学
  • 儿科药理学 儿科药理学
  • 皮肤病学 皮肤病学

背景情况:

  • 伊弗梅克丁是一种有效的治疗方法,但对于15公斤以下的儿童缺乏许可剂量.
  • 需要在幼儿中制定安全有效的ivermectin剂量策略.

研究的目的:

  • 为2岁以下的儿童确定一种ivermectin剂量策略.
  • 为了达到与老年儿童相比较的治疗药物暴露水平.

主要方法:

  • 使用了一种包含CYP3A4酶成熟的种群药理学 (PopPK) 模型.
  • 对3个年龄分组进行了模拟,年龄在2岁以下.
  • 剂量进行调整,以达到度-时间曲线 (AUC0-∞) 下的目标血面积,并将剂量圆为可行的片段.

主要成果:

  • 在3至7个月的婴儿中,0.75毫克 (1/4片) 的中位数AUC0-∞为835μg/L h.
  • 在8-12个月的婴儿中,1.5毫克 (1/2片) 的中位数AUC0-∞为848μg/L h.
  • 在13-24个月的儿童中,3毫克 (1片) 的中位数AUC0-∞为1033μg/Lh. 所有剂量都达到目标暴露.

结论:

  • 成功开发了为3个月至2岁儿童的儿科艾弗梅克丁剂量策略.
  • 建议的治疗方案是基于基于CYP3A4成熟的PopPK模型.
  • 这一策略需要在临床试验中对幼儿的安全有效治疗进行评估.