在野生动物中揭示新型病毒多样性,生物地理和宿主网络,通过高通量测序数据挖掘
Hai Wang1,2, Yafei Meng2, Xiaoyuan Chen1,2
1School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|September 23, 2025
概括
野生动物拥有庞大的,尚未探索的病毒多样性,许多潜在的新型病毒构成动物感染风险. 这项研究分析了超过57,000个数据集,揭示了显著的空间和宿主特定的病毒模式,并强调了加强监视的必要性.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
背景情况:
- 新出现的传染病往往源于野生动物,但这些种群中的病毒多样性尚不清楚.
- 了解野生动物病毒组对于预测和预防动物传染性溢出事件至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 广泛分析来自野生哺乳动物和鸟类的高通量测序数据,以表征病毒多样性.
- 识别潜在的新型病毒,了解它们的分布和宿主特异性.
- 开发一个平台,有效地检索和分析野生动物的病毒序列.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自野生哺乳动物和鸟类的57,536个公共高通量测序数据集.
- 使用BLASTn和BLASTx进行病毒结合体的生物信息识别和组合.
- 排除污染和将病毒序列分类为具有动物感染潜力的家族.
- 宿主病毒网络分析以发现关联.
主要成果:
- 产生了超过6.13亿个组装的结合体,确定了131509个潜在的病毒结合体.
- 9,788个病毒序列被分为25个具有动物感染潜力的家族,显示空间和宿主特定的变异性.
- 50%的病毒序列具有<90%的已知病毒的氨基酸相同性,表明新型病毒.
- 在山羊中鉴定了禽流感病毒,在各种野生动物物种中发现了SARS-CoV-2.
- 开发了动物病原体解码平台.
结论:
- 野生动物的港口显著,在很大程度上不具特征的病毒多样性与潜在的动物传染病影响.
- 病毒多样性和宿主生物多样性之间存在正相关性,动物,蝙蝠,类动物和类动物显示出高多样性.
- 迫切需要对野生动物和畜牧界面进行监测,并继续对野生动物病毒组进行研究.
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