在最年长的老人中,身体和社会邻居环境对两年内功能能力和认知功能的变化是否重要?
Jaroslava Zimmermann1, Gizem Hülür2
1Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics and Social Sciences of Health, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
概括
可行走的社区可以在老年人中保持功能能力 (FA),而社会凝聚力的环境可以保护认知功能 (CF). 物理和社会邻居因素似乎独立地影响FA和CF.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 环境心理学 环境心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 有利的物理邻居环境与老年人更好的功能能力 (FA) 和认知功能 (CF) 有关.
- 关于社交社区特征对FA和CF的影响的证据仍然不确.
- 最老的老年人往往在研究邻居影响的研究中没有得到充分的代表.
研究的目的:
- 调查物理 (质量,基础设施,可行) 和社会 (地方依附,社会凝聚力) 社区特征对FA和CF水平和变化的影响.
- 检查地方依恋和社会凝聚力对物理邻居特征和FA/CF结果之间的关系的潜在调解效应.
- 专注于最年长的老年人群 (80岁以上),以解决先前研究中代表人数不足的问题.
主要方法:
- 利用了基于人口的NRW80+调查 (两波,2017-2020) 的数据.
- 包括居住在德国北莱-威斯特伐利亚州的80岁及以上的参与者.
- 使用结构方程建模与潜差分数模型来分析FA和CF水平/变化和调解效应.
主要成果:
- 更高的邻里可行性与更好的基线FA和随着时间的推移更少的FA下降有关.
- 改善的可行性评级与减少的FA下降相关.
- 更高的社会凝聚力与CF的较小下降有关.
- 邻里质量和基础设施没有显示与FA或CF有重大关联.
- 对于地方依恋或社会凝聚力,没有发现调解效应.
结论:
- 可行走的环境可以支持最老的老年人维护FA.
- 在这个年龄组中,社会凝聚力的社区可能会减轻CF的衰退.
- 物理和社会邻居因素可能会通过独立的途径,没有调解来影响FA和CF.
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