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相关概念视频

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

16.1K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
8.5K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

2.9K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
2.9K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

1.4K
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
1.4K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

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Overview
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
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一个路线图来定义"额外毛囊"B细胞的反应.

Stephanie C Eisenbarth1, Facundo Batista2, Jason Cyster3

  • 1Department Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology and the Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

Immunity
|September 23, 2025
PubMed
概括

由于其广泛使用,术语"额外毛囊B细胞反应"已经变得模两可. 这项研究提出了一个框架,以澄清B细胞生物学概念和协调科学讨论.

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Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development
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The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity
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The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
07:07

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科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学

背景情况:

  • 自最初描述以来,术语"额外毛囊B细胞反应"已经显著发展.
  • 目前使用的"卵泡外"是广泛的,包括各种B细胞过程超越位置.
  • 这导致了定义这些途径的模两可和复杂的标准.

研究的目的:

  • 讨论当前对B细胞反应的理解,与不断变化的术语"extrafollicular"的使用有关.
  • 提出一个新的框架来分类B细胞生物学中的新兴概念.
  • 促进该领域内的科学话语的清晰和协调.

主要方法:

  • 文献综述和B细胞反应途径的概念分析.
  • 讨论关于B细胞生物学知识的当前状态.
  • 开发B细胞过程的分类框架.

主要成果:

  • 在定义和应用"额外毛囊B细胞反应"中发现了模两可.
  • 强调在B细胞生物学中需要标准化术语.
  • 提出了一个框架来解决不断变化的概念和分类.

结论:

  • "卵泡外"的广泛应用需要对其定义进行重新评估.
  • 一个结构化的框架可以帮助协调B细胞反应的分类.
  • 更清晰的定义和框架对于推动B细胞生物学研究至关重要.