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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Psychologists measure intelligence by using standardized tests that produce a score known as the intelligence quotient or IQ. To understand IQ tests, it's important to recognize the key principles behind their construction: validity, reliability, and standardization.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education
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在捷克语中使用计算分析进行语义语言流性评估.

Jiri Pesek1, Hana Horakova1,2,3, Martin Vyhnalek3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.

Applied neuropsychology. Adult
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PubMed
概括

计算分析显示,在评估捷克患者轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 方面有前途. 这种方法,分析语义语言流 (SVF),提供与传统方法相比的见解,有助于MCI诊断.

关键词:
轻度认知障碍 轻度认知障碍神经心理评估 神经心理评估语言流利 语言流利

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科学领域:

  • 神经心理学 神经心理学
  • 计算语言学计算语言学
  • 神经学 神经学

背景情况:

  • 语义语言流 (SVF) 任务在神经心理评估中至关重要.
  • SVF性能下降表明轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 和阿尔茨海默病 (AD).
  • 传统的定性SVF分析具有局限性,并产生混合的结果.

研究的目的:

  • 评估MCI评估计算方法在捷克共和国的诊断潜力.
  • 将新型计算方法与SVF任务的传统定性分析进行比较.
  • 分析动物和蔬菜类别的开关数 (NOS) 和平均集群大小 (MCS).

主要方法:

  • 在语义语言流利任务 (动物和植物类别) 中分析NOS和MCS.
  • 传统的定性分析与一种新的计算方法之间的比较.
  • 使用曲线下的面积 (AUC) 对NOS和MCS的诊断值的评估.

主要成果:

  • 在动物类别中,NOS在计算上显示出合理的诊断值,而MCS在两种方法中都显示出差值.
  • 在蔬菜类别中,NOS在传统方法 (AUC=0.761) 和计算方法 (AUC=0.708) 中都显示出合理的诊断价值.
  • 在大多数索引中,计算方法和传统方法之间没有发现诊断价值的显著差异.

结论:

  • 对SVF任务的计算分析是捷克境内MCI评估的一个有希望的工具.
  • 计算方法显示了与传统定性分析相比较的诊断潜力.
  • 需要进一步改进,以解决诸如群体不平衡和多字短语处理等局限性.