饮食多样性与听力损失之间的关联:来自全国调查的结果
Qiaoqiao Du1, Haizhen Yang1, Hua Zhang2
1Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Frontiers in nutrition
|September 24, 2025
概括
多样化的植物性饮食与老年人听力损失的风险较低有关. 这一发现表明,饮食多样性,特别是来自植物来源的饮食多样性,可能会防止与年龄相关的听力下降.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 听力损失是老年人的重大残疾,饮食因素可能会影响其发展.
- 之前关于饮食和听力损失的研究缺乏一致的发现和纵向数据.
- 了解饮食影响对于针对与年龄有关的听力障碍的公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查饮食多样性得分 (DDS) 与中国老年人听力损失风险之间的关联.
- 分析不同DDS指标 (总体,动物性,蛋白质性,植物性) 与听力损失之间的关系.
- 探索饮食模式对老龄人口听力健康的纵向影响.
主要方法:
- 分析了2011-2018年中国纵向健康长寿调查 (CLHLS) 的纵向数据.
- 60岁以上的参与者通过问卷和饮食多样性评估听力损失,使用四个DDS指标.
- 考克斯回归和限制立方线 (RCS) 模型被用于分析DDS和听力损失之间的关联,控制混因素.
主要成果:
- 这项研究包括3839名老年人,平均随访时间为4.2年;47.6%的人患有听力损失.
- 较高的植物性饮食多样性得分 (DDS) 与降低听力损失风险 (HR=0.783,P=0.027) 有显著的关联.
- RCS分析证实了植物性DDS和听力损失风险之间的负线性关系.
结论:
- 多样化的植物性饮食作为老年人听力损失的保护因素.
- 增加各种植物性食品的消费可能会减轻患听力损失的风险.
- 这些发现支持将饮食建议纳入预防老年人群听力损失的战略.
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