开发一种可解释的机器学习模型,用于预测心脏手术后接受双抗血栓治疗的患者的短期出血风险
Haolong Han1,2, Jifan Zhang3, Xia Wang2
1Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China.
International journal of clinical pharmacy
|September 24, 2025
概括
这项研究开发了一种机器学习模型,用于预测双重抗血栓治疗的心脏手术患者的出血风险. 随机森林模型在个性化风险评估方面表现强.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 流血是心脏手术的重要并发症,特别是在联合抗凝剂和抗血小板治疗的患者中.
- 现有的预测模型往往排除了接受联合冠状动脉旁路移植 (CABG) 和门手术的患者,或未能纳入术后因素和双重抗血栓治疗.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证机器学习 (ML) 模型,用于预测出院后短期出血事件.
- 为了使在接受华法林加阿司匹林治疗的患者中进行个性化风险评估,在CABG和门手术联合后.
主要方法:
- 在心脏手术后接受双重抗血栓治疗的499名成年患者的回顾性分析.
- 选择使用LASSO回归的11个关键出血预测因素.
- 培训和验证7个ML算法,包括随机森林 (RF),并对93名患者进行外部验证.
- 使用AUC,精度,灵敏度,特异性,PPV,NPV,F1得分和Brier得分进行性能评估.
- 使用Shapley添加式解释 (SHAP) 评估的模型解释性.
主要成果:
- 确定了11个临床变量作为显著的出血预测因素.
- 射频模型在内部验证中获得了最高的性能 (AUC=0.85),并在外部验证中保持了强的性能 (AUC=0.82).
- SHAP分析提供了对全球和个体出血风险贡献的透明解释.
结论:
- 机器学习模型可以有效地预测双重抗血栓治疗的心脏手术患者的短期出血风险.
- 开发的RF模型为个性化风险评估提供了临床实用性.
- SHAP解释增强了预测模型的临床适用性.
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