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在消除疫情后疫苗接种覆盖范围.

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在俄俄州的一个大型儿科网络中,麻疹-疹-红疹 (MMR) 疫苗接种覆盖率在麻疹爆发20个月后仍低于93%的群体免疫门. 这凸显了持续存在的免疫缺口以及有针对性的公共卫生战略的需要.

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科学领域:

  • 公共卫生 公共卫生
  • 流行病学 流行病学
  • 免疫接种 免疫接种

背景情况:

  • 维持美国的麻疹消除取决于高疫苗接种覆盖率.
  • 清除后麻疹疫情揭示了持续的免疫缺口,特别是在免疫不足的社区.
  • 了解疫情爆发后的疫苗接种趋势对于公共卫生准备至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了评估麻疹-疹-红疹 (MMR) 疫苗接种范围的变化.
  • 评估在美国主要的儿科初级保健人口中大规模消除后麻疹爆发后的覆盖范围.

主要方法:

  • 在俄俄州中部的儿科初级保健网络中进行了一项重复的监视横截面研究.
  • 在三个时间点分析了大约15万名15岁以下的儿童:疫情爆发,12个月和疫情爆发后20个月.
  • 根据疾病控制和预防中心的指导方针,评估了MMR疫苗接种情况,重点是及时接种疫苗和84个月龄的覆盖率. 索马里裔儿童被分析为一个子组.

主要成果:

  • 在疫情爆发后20个月,及时的MMR疫苗第一剂量覆盖率保持不变,为53.6%.
  • 及时的MMR疫苗第二剂量覆盖率略有增加,从57.9%增加到60.2%.
  • 在84个月内至少接受一剂MMR的总体接收量略有增加,达到77.9%. 索马里血统的儿童始终表现出明显较低的及时MMR疫苗第一剂量覆盖率.

结论:

  • 尽管第二次MMR剂量覆盖率略有增加,但在麻疹爆发20个月后,总体MMR疫苗接种率仍然远低于93%的群体免疫门.
  • 持续的,全人口免疫差距强调需要持续的,以公平为重点的公共卫生战略,以维持麻疹消除.
  • 有针对性的干预措施是必要的,以解决针对特定社区的疫苗接种率差异,例如索马里裔儿童.