家庭接触调查是印度查蒂斯加尔州结核病护理的缺失环节吗? - - 使用程序数据的运营研究
Chetanya Malik1, Vishnu Gupta2, Kalpita Shringarpure3
1Sangwari- People's Association For Equity And Health, Surguja, Chhattisgarh, India.
PLOS global public health
|September 24, 2025
概括
对结核病 (TB) 的家庭接触调查对于早期检测和预防治疗至关重要. 然而,覆盖范围仍然不够理想,特定的组和设施类型显示不完整调查的风险更高,需要改进计划.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染病控制和控制传染病
背景情况:
- 家庭接触 (HHC) 调查对于早期结核病 (TB) 识别和在高风险人群中启动结核病预防治疗 (TPT) 是至关重要的.
- 有效的HHC调查是结核病消除策略的基石,特别是在高负担的环境中.
研究的目的:
- 评估在印度查蒂斯加尔邦的细菌学证实肺结核病例的接触者中对HHC调查和结核预防治疗 (TPT) 的覆盖范围.
- 确定社会人口统计学,临床和卫生系统因素,预测HHC调查的不完成.
主要方法:
- 从2023年10月到12月,利用国家结核病消除计划对结核病例及其HHC的数据进行横截面研究.
- 修改Poisson回归被用来确定不完整的HHC调查的预测因素.
主要成果:
- 在报告的结核病例中有75% (3,177/4,221) 进行了HHC调查.
- 在所有接触者中,结核病的确诊率为0.9%,在5岁以下儿童中,结核病的确诊率为0.7%. 在66%的接触者和73%的5岁以下儿童中,TPT被启动.
- 女性,来自非部落地区,在高等/私人机构诊断,使用先进的诊断测试,缺失糖尿病/艾滋病毒查等因素与不完整的HC调查的更高风险有关.
结论:
- 该研究强调了低于最佳的HHC调查覆盖率和结核病诊断和TPT启动的低收益率,表明需要加强公共卫生干预措施.
- 调查结果表明,将HHC调查分散到初级保健水平和改善计划监测是必不可少的.
- 建议在全州范围内开展能力建设计划,以加强HHC调查流程,以有效控制结核病.
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