改进原型部分抽象,以基于案例的推理解释,用于结石类型识别
Daniel Flores-Araiza1, Francisco Lopez-Tiro2, Clément Larose3
1Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Mexico.
Artificial intelligence in medicine
|September 24, 2025
概括
一个新的深度学习模型通过分析视觉特征,改进现有方法并为泌尿科医生提供可解释的结果,准确地识别尿路透镜期间的结石类型.
科学领域:
- 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科
- 医疗成像医学成像
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 在尿路透镜检查期间准确地在体内识别结石类型,对于有效治疗和预防复发至关重要.
- 泌尿科医生目前的视觉识别依赖于操作员,并且耗时.
- 现有的深度学习 (DL) 模型缺乏透明度,无法将视觉特征与已建立的形态结构分析 (MCA) 标准相关联.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种可解释的深度学习 (DL) 模型,用于在尿路透镜检查期间在体内识别结石类型.
- 确保模型的决策过程与生物形态结构分析 (MCA) 中使用的视觉特征保持一致.
- 提高分类准确性,并为临床应用提供可解释的见解.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个基于案例的推理DL模型,利用原型零件 (PPs).
- PPs编码与MCA相关的视觉特征 (色调,和度,强度,纹理).
- 一个新的损失函数优化了PP生成,局部/全球描述符解释了分类决策.
主要成果:
- 拟议的DL模型在六种常见的结石类型上实现了90.37±0.6%的整体平均分类准确度.
- 该模型通过将视觉特征与MCA标准联系起来,证明了更好的解释性.
- 精度略高于现有最好的DL模型 (88.2±2.1%) 的精度,同时提供了更好的解释性.
结论:
- 可解释的DL模型为泌尿病学中的体内结石鉴定提供了重大进步.
- 该模型解释其决策的能力促进了信任,并促进了人工智能解决方案的临床采用.
- 这种方法弥合了人工智能驱动的分析和结石的传统生物评估之间的差距.
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