在年轻和年长的听众中,在时间压缩下"两句问题"的句子回忆和神经生理影响
Victoria C Sinfield1, Sandy Snyder2, Yunjie Tong1
1Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Hearing research
|September 24, 2025
概括
听觉认知负载,从更多的句子或更快的演讲,损害语音回忆,特别是在老年人. 工作记忆和时间处理有助于倾听,但老年人显示神经效率降低,感知力度更高.
科学领域:
- 听觉认知神经科学 听觉认知神经科学
- 人类沟通与老龄化
背景情况:
- 听觉认知负载显著影响语音识别和回忆.
- 了解处理复杂听觉信息的年龄相关差异对于有效的沟通策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究句子数和语音速度如何影响年轻人和老年人的延迟句子回忆.
- 通过使用SPA-fNIRS和主观工作负载评分来检查听觉认知负载的神经和生理相关性.
主要方法:
- 40名参与者 (20名年轻人,20名年长者) 在不同的听觉负载条件下完成了回忆句子任务.
- 系统生理学增强功能近红外光谱 (SPA-fNIRS),电磁皮肤反应和NASA-TLX被用来测量神经和生理反应.
- 工作记忆和时间处理速度被评估与听力表现相关.
主要成果:
- 增加的句子数量和更快的语音速度显著降低了回忆精度,老年人表现出更大的缺陷,特别是时间压缩的语音.
- 工作记忆能力预测了多句回忆中的表现,而时间处理速度则帮助老年人处于时间压缩条件下.
- 在较高的认知负载下,老年人表现出较低的前运动皮层激活和的皮反应,这表明神经效率和补偿策略较低.
结论:
- 在对听觉认知负载的认知和神经生理反应中存在与年龄相关的差异.
- 在老年人中,努力倾听涉及神经激活模式的改变和感知力度的增加.
- 多模式方法对于全面了解听觉处理和整个生命周期的精力倾听至关重要.
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