具有认知失调综合征和特定学习障碍的ADHD的神经认知和行为特征
Eren Halaç1, Cagatay Ermis2, Nazan Gundogan3
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mardin Training and Research Hospital, Mardin, Turkey.
Applied neuropsychology. Child
|September 24, 2025
概括
患有多动症儿童的并发性认知失调综合征 (CDS) 和特定学习障碍 (SLD) 呈现出不同的神经认知和行为特征. 当CDS存在时,识别SLD至关重要,以确保为ADHD量身定制的干预措施.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 经常与其他疾病同时发生.
- 认知失调综合征 (CDS) 和特定学习障碍 (SLD) 是影响儿童发育的常见并发症.
- 了解这些并发症的独特和重叠影响对于准确的诊断和有效的治疗至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查与CDS和/或SLD并发症时患有ADHD的儿童的神经认知和行为特征.
- 区分CDS与SLD对ADHD儿童认知表现和行为的影响.
- 为临床实践提供有关并发性ADHD,CDS和SLD的评估和管理的信息.
主要方法:
- 一组844名患有多动症的儿童 (年龄在6至16岁) 被分为仅有多动症,多动症+CDS,多动症+SLD和多动症+SLD+CDS组.
- 认知功能使用维克斯勒智力表儿童修订量 (WISC-R) 进行评估.
- 行为症状通过教师报告表进行评估,用ANCOVA.VA分析小组差异.
主要成果:
- 患有CDS的儿童表现出注意力不集中,内化症状和强迫症特征的增加.
- 特定学习障碍 (SLD) 与减少对立和攻击性行为以及在WISC-R口头子测试中的表现较差有关,表明口头和工作记忆障碍.
- 经过统计调整后,CDS没有显示出明显的认知特征,尽管CDS的男孩在信息子测试中得分较低,与仅有ADHD的男孩相比.
- 两组之间没有观察到表现智商或非语言子测试的显著差异.
结论:
- 在ADHD中CDS和SLD的同时出现使神经认知和行为评估复杂化,有可能错误地归因缺陷.
- 临床评估应优先考虑在患有CDS的儿童中排除SLD.
- 干预措施必须是个性化的,重点是对SLD的教育支持,对CDS的注意力/情感策略,以及对综合条件的综合方法.
相关概念视频
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
776
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
776
Learning Disabilities
575
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
575
Autism Spectrum Disorder
981
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
981
Language and Cognition
715
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
715
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
636
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
636
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
466
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
466


