维生素A补充剂的覆盖率和相关因素在埃塞俄比亚五岁以下的儿童:一个系统的审查和元分析
Berhanu Wale Yirdaw1, Abrham Maru Moges2, Setargew Kebie Awoke3
1Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Teda Health Science College, P.O.BOX: 790, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia. berhanuwale7@gmail.com.
BMC pediatrics
|September 24, 2025
概括
埃塞俄比亚五岁以下儿童维生素A补充剂的覆盖率非常低,为53.43%. 改善母亲教育,产前护理和社会经济地位对于提高维生素A摄入量和降低儿童死亡率至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 维生素A缺乏是埃塞俄比亚五岁以下儿童的主要公共卫生问题,增加了发病率和死亡率.
- 国家补充计划的覆盖范围低且多样化.
- 这项研究解决了对埃塞俄比亚维生素A补充剂覆盖率的综合证据的需求.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和对埃塞俄比亚五岁以下儿童维生素A补充剂的覆盖率进行元分析.
- 为了确定与维生素A补充剂覆盖率相关的因素.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (PubMed,Medline,EMBASE等) 中进行全面的文献搜索. 从2025年3月至4月开始.
- 遵守PRISMA指南,使用纽卡斯尔-太华尺度进行质量评估.
- 使用STATA 17进行随机效应元分析,以确定聚合维生素A补充剂的覆盖范围.
主要成果:
- 包括11项研究,共有32,361名参与者.
- 维生素A补充剂的总体覆盖率为53.43% (95% CI: 42.81-64.05).
- 关键的相关因素包括家庭财富,母亲ANC访问,获得维生素A信息和母亲教育.
结论:
- 埃塞俄比亚的维生素A补充剂覆盖率 (53.43%) 远低于国家 (95%) 和世卫组织/联合国儿童基金会 (80%) 的目标.
- 迫切需要加强干预措施,以改善儿童健康.
- 建议包括通过教育赋予母亲权力,促进ANC和解决社会经济差异.
相关概念视频
Vitamins
2.3K
Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
2.3K
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children
255
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
255
Teratogenicity
4.0K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
4.0K
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology
1.3K
Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
Substances such as alcohol and specific drugs, including antineoplastics, can also negatively impact drug absorption. For instance,...
Substances such as alcohol and specific drugs, including antineoplastics, can also negatively impact drug absorption. For instance,...
1.3K
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption
246
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
246
Bioavailability: Influencing Factors
340
Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...
340

