在垂直和水平跳跃中性别性能差异
Emily L Haag1, Peter G Weyand2
1Locomotor Performance Laboratory, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Royal Society open science
|September 25, 2025
概括
由于肌肉质量较低,女性运动员在垂直跳跃中的表现差异较大,而不是远距离跳跃. 这种差异随着跳跃高度的增加而增加,影响了克服重力的力量.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 人类运动科学科学 人类运动科学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 体育表现中的性别差异已经得到了充分的证据.
- 这些差异在不同类型的运动运动中各不相同.
- 以前的研究表明,生物力学因素有助于这些变化.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究跳跃表现的性别差异如何随着起飞角度而变化.
- 为了确定较低的女性肌肉质量/体重分数是否解释了垂直跳跃中性别差异的增加.
- 分析力量应用,体重和跨性别跳跃表现之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 对世界田径运动会三重跳,远跳和高跳 (n=40个性别) 的表现最好的数据的分析.
- 使用力量平台从大学运动员 (n=19个性别) 收集反运动跳跃数据.
- 计算起飞角度和性能中的性别差异 (百分比差异).
主要成果:
- 跳跃表现的性别差异随着垂直起飞角度 (θTO) 的增加,从17.4% (三重跳跃) 到42.1% (反向跳跃) 变化.
- 对于反运动跳跃,跳跃高度的42.1%差异明显大于地面阶段力应用的5.1%差异.
- 一个回归模型显示,sin (θTO) 的平方和性能的百分比差异之间存在很强的相关性 (R2=0.98).
结论:
- 在跳跃中更大的垂直性放大了基于性别的绩效差异.
- 女性的较低肌肉质量需要更大比例的力量来抵消重力,减少可用于垂直移位的力量.
- 这些发现突出了质量特异力应用和重力在解释跳跃事件中的性别差异方面的关键作用.
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