低氧/高氧暴露对免疫功能的影响 - - 来自一项与航天器相关的低氧腔室研究的结果
Brian Crucian1, Douglass M Diak2, Alejandro Garbino3
1NASA Johnson Space Center, Human Health and Performance Directorate, Houston, TX, United States.
Frontiers in physiology
|September 25, 2025
概括
深空任务可能会改变宇航员的免疫力,因为他们生活在低压,低氧环境和频繁的太空行走中. 这些大气变化可能会破坏免疫功能,对未来的探索任务构成风险.
科学领域:
- 太空医学 太空医学
- 人体生理学 人体生理学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 深空任务需要生活在低氧,低氧环境中,与国际空间站的normoxic条件不同.
- 宇航员将经常在生活和外载活动 (EVA) 大气之间发生变化,从而产生新的生理压力.
- 众所周知,缺氧导致免疫系统的调节失调,往往导致炎症状态.
研究的目的:
- 调查模拟深空生活和EVA条件对宇航员免疫功能的影响.
- 为了确定低压/低氧和高氧环境之间的转变如何影响免疫反应.
- 评估改变大气暴露和EVA压力对免疫力的综合影响.
主要方法:
- 11天的低压室研究模拟深空生活 (8.2-9.6psi/28.5%-34% O2) 和EVA (4.3psi/85%-95% O2).
- 在模拟EVA之前和之后从23名受试者收集3项测试中的生物样本.
- 分析白细胞的分布,功能和血细胞因子度.
主要成果:
- 大气的变化,特别是模拟EVA之后,显著改变了白细胞的分布和功能.
- 观察到血细胞因子度的变化,表明免疫系统激活或失调.
- 这些免疫变化发生在已知的宇航员免疫调节失调的背景下,来自微重力和压力.
结论:
- 太空飞船中暴露于改变的大气层可能会破坏宇航员免疫系统的调节,类似于高空暴露.
- 频繁的车外活动 (EVA) 可以加剧这些免疫失调.
- 进一步的研究至关重要,以描述这些风险,以便实现长期太空探索任务.
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