黑猩猩的后肢肌肉电肌图活动模式在运动过程中
1Department of Anatomical Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8081, USA.
Journal of human evolution
|September 25, 2025
概括
了解早期人类进化需要研究灵长类动物的运动. 这项研究揭示了黑猩猩在各种运动期间的后肢肌肉活动,突出了它们的多功能运动策略.
科学领域:
- 古人类学古人类学.
- 灵长类的移动方式
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 对早期人类运动进化的化石证据的解释依赖于对现代人类和非人类灵长类动物的生物力学研究.
- 以前的研究集中在地面反应力和关节动力学上,通过电肌图 (EMG) 对后肢肌肉激活模式的数据有限.
- 了解肌肉使用对于解释与运动相关的化石特征至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了记录黑猩猩的后肢肌肉活动概况,在脚行走,双脚行走和垂直爬期间.
- 探索肌肉招募模式的跨主体变异性.
- 提供可以为化石原始人生物机械解释提供信息的数据.
主要方法:
- 电肌图 (EMG) 用于记录八只成年黑猩猩的后肢肌肉活动.
- 在三个不同的运动行为过程中收集了数据:手指节行走,双脚行走和垂直爬.
- 分析的重点是确定肌肉激活模式及其在不同个体之间的变化.
主要成果:
- 在研究的运动行为中,针对大多数后肢肌肉生成了基于EMG的详细活动档案.
- 观察到肌肉激活模式的共同点,以及显著的个体间差异.
- 黑猩猩的机动运动策略似乎是为了多功能性和机动性而优化,而不是严格的能源效率.
结论:
- 这项研究为黑猩猩后肢运动提供了第一个全面的EMG数据集.
- 研究结果显示,黑猩猩的运动强调了在各种环境和任务中的适应性.
- 这些数据为灵长类动物的肌肉功能提供了宝贵的见解,增强了我们解释化石运动适应能力的能力.
相关概念视频
00:55Skeletal Muscle Anatomy
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of muscle in the body. Tendons are the connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones. Skeletal muscles pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones to carry out voluntary movements.
01:15Muscle Contraction
01:10Muscle Contraction
In skeletal muscles, acetylcholine is released by nerve terminals at the motor endplate—the point of synaptic communication between motor neurons and muscle fibers. The binding of acetylcholine to its receptors on the sarcolemma allows entry of sodium ions into the cell and triggers an action potential in the muscle cell. Thus, electrical signals from the brain are transmitted to the muscle. Subsequently, the enzyme acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine to prevent excessive muscle...
01:24Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles
Every cell in the body maintains a membrane potential due to an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges across its plasma membrane. The membrane potential is measured in millivolts and quantifies the difference in charge across the membrane.
Like neurons, muscle cells are also regarded as excitable due to their capacity to change in response to stimuli, primarily due to voltage-gated ion channels embedded in their plasma membranes, which get activated by alterations in the cell's...
Like neurons, muscle cells are also regarded as excitable due to their capacity to change in response to stimuli, primarily due to voltage-gated ion channels embedded in their plasma membranes, which get activated by alterations in the cell's...
01:20Motor Unit Stimulation
When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
01:23Muscles that Move the Leg
The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...