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中国H4亚型禽流感病毒的流行病学,遗传学和致病性分析,2011-2022年

Qiuyan Mao¹, Junfeng Zhu², Shuo Liu¹

¹Avian Diseases Surveillance Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China.

Virologica Sinica

|September 25, 2025

概括

在家禽中对禽流感病毒 (AIV) H4亚型的监测发现了鸟类的遗传多样性和低致病性. 然而,一些H4 AIV显示了哺乳动物复制的潜力,突出显示了持续监测的必要性.

科学领域:

兽医病毒学兽医病毒学
公共卫生公共卫生
分子流行病学分子流行病学

背景情况:

禽流感病毒 (AIV) H4亚型在全球普遍存在,但由于家禽的致病性较低,未得到充分研究.
H4 AIVs对家禽健康和公共健康的潜在风险在很大程度上是未知的.
积极监测对于了解H4 AIVs所带来的进化动态和潜在威胁至关重要.

研究的目的:

调查禽类中H4 AIVs的流行,遗传多样性和病原性.
评估H4 AIV对禽业和公共健康的潜在风险.
描述H4Nx病毒的进化和分子特征.

主要方法:

从2011年到2022年,对家禽种群的积极监测,收集了154,762个扫描样本.
隔离和识别H4 AIVs,主要来自活禽市场的子.
在鸟类和哺乳动物模型中进行了植物遗传学分析,分子表征和致病性测试.

主要成果:

检测到427个H4 AIV,阳性率为0.28%,主要来自子.
确定了20种属于欧亚血统的H4Nx病毒,具有显著的遗传多样性 (19种基因型).
H4 AIVs在子中表现出低致病性,但一些菌株在小鼠中表现出复制性和增强哺乳动物致病性标志物.

结论:

对H4 AIV的持续监测对于了解它们的演变和传播至关重要.
尽管在家禽中致病率低,但某些H4 AIV菌株具有突变,表明潜在的哺乳动物适应.
持续监测对于减轻与H4 AIVs相关的潜在公共卫生风险至关重要.

关键词:

子子是一个子.流行病学流行病学 H4 类禽流感病毒 (H4 AIVs) 的存在.我们的老鼠是老鼠.致病性致病性致病性人类遗传学学.

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