石墓的扩张破坏了蒙古中部不同青铜时代牧民的长期共存
Juhyeon Lee1,2, Ursula Brosseder3,4, Hyoungmin Moon1
1School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Nature communications
|September 25, 2025
概括
在青铜时代晚期,古蒙古牧民保持着不同的遗传群体和丧尸实践. 这些群体后来被不断扩大的Slab Grave人口所取代,标志着一个重要的文化转变.
科学领域:
- 古遗传学是古遗传学的一部分.
- 考古学的考古学
- 古代DNA分析 古代DNA分析
背景情况:
- 乳牧业在蒙古出现于青铜时代早期,并在青铜时代晚期多样化,有着独特的丧尸实践,如鹿石-Khirgisuur综合体.
- 由于有限的基因组和考古数据,不同丧尸传统的牧民群体之间的相互作用是不太了解的.
- 蒙古中部作为牧民的汇聚区,有着不同的葬礼习俗.
研究的目的:
- 研究青铜时代后期蒙古中部古代牧民之间的遗传相互作用和人口结构.
- 将遗传数据与不同的丧尸实践联系起来,特别是鹿石-Khirgisuur综合体和形状形状/Ulaanzuukh葬礼.
- 追踪青铜时代后期人口的起源,并了解早期铁器时代石块墓地扩张的遗传影响.
主要方法:
- 对来自蒙古中部30个古老个体的全基因组数据的分析.
- 将基因组发现与相关埋葬的详细丧尸数据进行整合.
- 将遗传特征与已确立的古代种群进行比较,包括Afanasievo和Khemtseg (Chemurchek).
主要成果:
- 确定了两个遗传上不同的群体,在整个青铜时代晚期持续存在,与单独的埋葬类型相关,表明基因流动有限.
- 这些不同的群体最终在早期铁器时代被石块坟墓人口所继承,引入了一种新的埋葬传统.
- 鹿石 - 吉尔吉苏尔复杂群体的遗传起源得到了细化,显示了与阿法纳西耶沃和赫姆特塞格 (Chemurchek) 群体相关的较小的西欧亚裔祖先.
结论:
- 古代蒙古牧民社会保持了显著的遗传差异化和独特的丧尸实践,尽管地理接近.
- 青铜时代晚期出现了基因分离的群体的共存,随后在早期铁器时代出现了主要的人口替代事件.
- 这项研究提供了高分辨率的遗传洞察力,了解史前蒙古牧民社区的主要丧尸过渡和人口动态.
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