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开发和验证用于预测2型糖尿病患者心血管疾病风险的机器学习模型
Chunming Xu1, Fachao Shi2, Wenlong Ding3
1Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
Scientific reports
|September 25, 2025
概括
这项研究开发了一种机器学习模型,用于预测2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 患者心血管疾病 (CVD) 风险. 使用Boruta特征选择的XGBoost模型显示了早期干预和个性化治疗的前景.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 糖尿病学 糖尿病学
- 机器学习 机器学习
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 与一般人群相比,患有2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 的患者面临心血管疾病 (CVD) 的风险大幅增加.
- 在T2DM中准确预测心血管疾病风险对于量身定制的治疗策略和有效的公共卫生计划至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证一种机器学习模型,专门用于预测T2DM患者心血管疾病风险.
- 通过特征选择和机器学习算法识别关键风险因素,以改善临床决策.
主要方法:
- 分析国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 数据 (1999-2018) 来自4,015名T2DM患者.
- 应用Boruta的特征选择和六个机器学习模型 (MLP,LightGBM,DT,XGBoost,LR,KNN).
- 使用ROC曲线,精度,SHAP分析和通过Shinyapps.io.io部署的性能评估.
主要成果:
- k-最近邻居 (KNN) 模型表现出显著的过拟合,测试组性能差 (AUC=0.64).
- 极端梯度增强 (XGBoost) 模型在训练 (AUC=0.75) 和测试 (AUC=0.72) 数据集中显示出强大而一致的性能,表明了优越的概括性.
- 由XGBoost确定的前10个风险因素被用来创建一个临床预测平台.
结论:
- 开发的预测模型,集成Boruta特征选择和机器学习 (XGBoost),显示出评估T2DM患者心血管疾病风险的巨大潜力.
- 这种工具可以帮助临床医生进行早期干预,并实施针对糖尿病患者心血管健康的精确治疗策略.
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