补充和血压:随机对照试验的系统审查和元分析
Zoe Argeros1, Xiaoye Xu1,2, Buna Bhandari3,4
1School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Z.A., X.X., A.E.S.).
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
|September 26, 2025
概括
补充可以有效降低高血压患者和低水平患者的血压 (BP). 然而,在正常血压组中没有观察到显著的血压降低,也没有发现明确的剂量反应关系.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 心血管健康 心血管健康
- 临床试验 临床试验
背景情况:
- 关于对高血压 (BP) 对高血压和正常血压个体的影响存在相互矛盾的研究.
- 了解摄入量与血压之间的确切关系对于公共卫生和临床实践至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 进行元分析和剂量反应分析,以澄清补充剂和BP之间的关联.
- 在随机对照试验 (RCT) 中评估的作用,试验持续时间至少为四周.
主要方法:
- 对38项涉及2709名参与者的RCT进行了系统的元分析.
- 在12周的中位干预期内,元素剂量从82.3毫克到637毫克 (中位数为365毫克) 之间.
- 随机效应元分析被用来计算血压变化的平均差异;立方脊柱回归模拟剂量-反应.
主要成果:
- 与安慰剂相比,补充剂显著降低了静脉血压-2.81 mmHg,静脉血压-2.05 mmHg.
- 在服用血压降低药物的高血压患者 (-7.68 mmHg静脉缩,-2.96 mmHg静脉缩) 和低磁血症患者 (-5.97 mmHg静脉缩,-4.75 mmHg静脉缩) 中观察到更大的血压降低.
- 在正常血压组中没有发现统计学上显著的血压降低,并且没有确定摄入量和血压变化之间的剂量反应关系 (P≥0.20).
结论:
- 摄入量在高血压患者和低血症患者的血压降低方面具有有益作用.
- 由于研究之间存在显著的异质性,研究结果应谨慎解释.
- 进一步的大规模,精心设计的试验是必要的,以确认剂量-反应关系,并优化特定人群的补充策略.
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