老化大脑的神经振荡与语音制作中的干扰控制有关
Xiaochen Y Zheng1,2, Vitória Piai3
1Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.)
|September 26, 2025
概括
与年轻人相比,老年人在发言过程中表现出不同的大脑活动模式. 而不是中前端的动,在特定的大脑区域的β功率下降与老年扬声器的干扰控制有关.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 衰老的神经科学 衰老的神经科学
- 语音制作 语音制作
背景情况:
- 说话涉及复杂的认知过程,包括对言语计划和执行的自上而下的控制.
- 之前的研究将中前额度的太振荡与年轻成年人使用图片-词干扰范式的语音干扰控制联系起来.
- 这个范式在图片命名过程中测量神经对分心词的反应,揭示干扰效应.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查中额头太振荡是否参与老年人语音产生的干扰控制.
- 为了比较老年人和年轻成年演讲者的上下干扰控制的神经机制.
- 为了确定衰老是否会改变大脑在口语生成过程中的振荡模式.
主要方法:
- 磁脑电图 (MEG) 用于记录健康老年人 (平均年龄60岁) 的大脑活动.
- 采用图片词干扰范式,类似于以前与年轻成年人进行的研究.
- 分析了干扰和神经振荡活动 (甲和乙功率) 的行为测量.
主要成果:
- 老年人的行为结果复制了年轻人看到的语义和Stroop类干扰效应.
- 在干扰过程中,在老年人中没有观察到显著的中前额度太功率调节.
- 相反,左后和下皮质中的β功率下降与老年人的干扰控制相关,这种模式在年轻人中没有见过.
结论:
- 在语音产生过程中,自上而下的干扰控制的神经基础可能会随着年龄的增长而改变.
- 中前端的西塔振荡并不是控制口语产生干扰的唯一神经机制.
- 衰老可能涉及不同的光谱-空间-时间动态,用于语音期间的认知控制,贝塔活动在老年人中发挥着重要作用.
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