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成年期自闭症谱系障碍:希腊的诊断和培训挑战

Katerina Papanikolaou¹, Artemios Pehlivanidis²

¹Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.

Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki

|September 26, 2025

概括

自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 影响整个生命周期的个人和社会功能. 在希腊,对成人自闭症的有限培训导致了诊断挑战和不充分的护理,需要课程改革.

科学领域:

神经发育障碍神经发育障碍
精神病学是一个精神病学.
公共卫生公共卫生

背景情况:

自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种神经发育障碍,影响个人,社会,学术和职业领域的功能.
全球自闭症患病率正在上升,这是由于标准的扩大和认可的增加,特别是在女性和较轻的病例中.
希腊因依赖ICD-10而面临诊断不一致,与DSM-5和ICD-11不同,影响心理健康专业人员的术语.

研究的目的:

突出对ASD成年人护理的关键差距,特别是在生活过渡期间.
解决"双重同情问题"和影响ASD成年人的耻辱.
提议改善希腊对患有自闭症成年人的精神病学培训和服务.

主要方法:

审查诊断系统 (DSM-5,ICD-11,ICD-10) 和它们对希腊ASD诊断的影响.
分析美国和希腊的自闭症患病率数据,包括社会经济负担和护理费用.
检查患有自闭症的成年人同时出现的疾病,如抑郁症和焦虑症.
评估"失落的一代"的成年人错过了ASD诊断.
评估目前的希腊成人自闭症精神病学培训及其缺陷.
关于将成人自闭症培训纳入精神病学实习课程的建议.

主要成果:

患有自闭症的成年人经历了重大挑战,包括"双重同情问题",耻辱感和高水平的抑郁和焦虑.
希腊缺乏针对成年自闭症的专业培训,导致诊断延迟/不准确,护理不足以及对患者的错误描述.
目前的培训缺口导致错误诊断,特别是在妇女和"失落的一代",并剥夺家庭的支持.

结论:

希腊精神病医生急需在成人自闭症方面进行结构化培训,以提高诊断准确性和护理.
将成人自闭症纳入住院课程,以及临床经验和标准化工具,对于更好的结果至关重要.
加强培训将确保护理的连续性,并提高希腊成人自闭症精神病医疗服务的质量.

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