下垂体免疫环境和免疫疗法:从下垂体炎到下垂体神经内分泌瘤
Toru Tateno1, Mariam Shahidi1, Jian-Qiang Lu2
1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.
Cells
|September 26, 2025
概括
这篇综述探讨了缺陷体炎和缺陷体神经内分泌瘤中的垂体免疫微环境. 它强调了免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 和它们的不良影响,如ICI诱导的低体质炎,以及潜在的治疗作用.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
背景情况:
- pituitary 腺体的免疫微环境会影响诸如hypophysitis 和 pituitary 神经内分泌瘤 (PitNETs) 这样的疾病.
- 免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 已经改变了癌症疗法,但在PitNET中仅限于使用.
研究的目的:
- 审查免疫微环境对 pituitary 功能的影响.
- 讨论免疫检查点抑制剂诱导的低血炎及其管理.
- 探索免疫微环境和ICI在垂体神经内分泌瘤中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对自身免疫性低细胞性炎的动物模型的审查,包括ICI诱导的病例.
- 对ICI诱导的低血清炎流行病学,病变发生和临床方面的案例研究分析.
- 在PitNET中免疫微环境作用的概述,重点关注PD-L1作为生物标志物.
- 对具有侵略性和转移性PitNETs的患者的ICI治疗的审查.
主要成果:
- ICI诱导的低炎是一种需要早期识别的重大不良事件.
- 编程细胞死亡配体1 (PD-L1) 在PitNETs中显示出作为生物标志物的潜力.
- ICI可能在管理侵袭性和转移性PitNET中发挥作用.
结论:
- 了解垂体免疫微环境对于管理垂体疾病至关重要.
- 需要进一步的研究来澄清ICI在垂体神经内分泌瘤中的作用,并管理相关的不良事件,如hypophysitis.
相关概念视频
01:27Tumor Immunotherapy
1.8K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
1.8K
01:17The Pituitary Gland
10.0K
The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
10.0K
01:19Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer
459
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
459
02:17The Tumor Microenvironment
7.6K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
7.6K
01:37Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
65.5K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
65.5K
01:19Regulation of Hormone Secretion
6.2K
Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
Humoral...
6.2K