在精英女短跑者中,神经肌肉和性能对抗冲刺负载的反应
Mieszko Bartosz-Jeffries1, Irineu Loturco2,3,4,5, Adam Zając1
1The Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-959 Katowice, Poland.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 26, 2025
概括
机动阻力冲刺训练 (RST) 高达15%的体重并没有显著改变精英女短跑者的神经肌肉激活. 运动员保持稳定的肌肉招募模式,这表明对外部负荷的反应有潜在的天花板效应.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 耐力冲刺训练 (RST) 用于提高冲刺表现.
- 了解神经肌肉对不同负荷的反应对于优化训练至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究电动阻力冲刺训练 (RST) 对神经肌肉激活和冲刺表现在精英女短跑者的影响.
- 为了研究不同的外部负荷百分比 (5%,10%,15%的体重) 如何影响冲刺力学和肌肉活动.
主要方法:
- 十名精英女短跑运动员使用机动阻力装置进行了无阻力和阻力短跑 (5%,10%,15%的体重).
- 八个下肢肌肉的表面电肌图 (EMG) 被双边记录.
- 冲刺时间用光电池测量.
主要成果:
- 随着外部负载的增加,冲刺性能显著下降 (p < 0.001).
- 在大多数下肢肌肉中,没有观察到神经肌肉激活的显著变化,除了 gluteus maximus 的趋势.
- 较高负载时,人们注意到冲刺表现和肌肉激活的个体间变异性增加.
结论:
- 精英女短跑运动员在执行RST时表现出稳定的神经肌肉招募模式,体重高达15%,表明潜在的神经肌肉天花板效应.
- 轻到中等发动机的RST可以刺激后链肌肉,而不会对冲刺力学产生负面影响.
- 需要进一步的研究来探索慢性适应和性别差异,以应对机动RST.
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