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Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
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职业健康方面的种族和民族差异

Michael Dworsky1, Leslie I Boden2, Elizabeth C Chase1

  • 1RAND, Santa Monica, California.

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概括

黑人和西班牙裔工人面临的工作场所伤害率明显高于白人工人,职业集中和职业内部因素推动了这些差异. 解决这些问题是改善工人安全和健康公平的关键.

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科学领域:

  • 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
  • 健康差异 在健康上的差异
  • 流行病学 流行病学

背景情况:

  • 职业健康方面的种族和民族差异会影响工人的安全和福祉.
  • 从历史上看,有限的数据阻碍了对不同种族和族群的职业伤害率的理解.

研究的目的:

  • 为了确定加利福尼亚州主要种族和种族群体中失去了工作时间的工作场所伤害的发生率.
  • 评估职业集中和职业内部差异对受伤率观察到的差异的贡献.

主要方法:

  • 一项横截面研究分析了加利福尼亚州15年 (2005-2019) 的工人赔偿数据.
  • 包括在私营部门或州/地方政府雇佣的加利福尼亚居民.
  • 亚洲/太平洋岛民 (非西班牙裔),黑人 (非西班牙裔),西班牙裔和白人 (非西班牙裔) 工人的受伤率比较.

主要成果:

  • 分析包括260万次失时伤害.
  • 与白人工人 (1.00/100 FTE) 相比,黑人 (1.74/100 FTE) 和西班牙裔 (1.90/100 FTE) 工人的受伤率更高.
  • 职业集中度解释了差异的很大一部分 (黑人为53%,西班牙裔与白人为71%);黑人女性 (56%) 的职业差异值得注意.

结论:

  • 在工作场所受伤率方面存在显著的种族和民族差异.
  • 职业集中和职业内部因素是这些差异的关键驱动因素.
  • 解决这些多方面的差异对于提高工作场所安全和减少健康不平等至关重要.