综合了解有机/无机成分分离下水道沉积物的各种驱动力:分离路径和热力学演变
Heliang Pang1, Jiangbo Ding2, Yan Wang2
1Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China.
Journal of environmental sciences (China)
|September 26, 2025
概括
这项研究引入了用于下水道沉积物分离的新性,热性和离子交换处理方法. 这些方法有效地分离有机和无机成分,改善处理过程.
科学领域:
- 环境工程 环境工程
- 地质化学 地质化学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
背景情况:
- 立法授权要求在下水道沉积物处置时进行有机和无机分离.
- 对于这种分离的现有技术和机制,人们对其了解甚少,而且报告不足.
- 下水道沉积物组成对有效和高效的处置提出了挑战.
研究的目的:
- 研究下水道沉积物中水解和成分分离的机制.
- 评估性,热性和离子交换处理对有机-无机分离的有效性.
- 阐明控制沉积物沉积和组件分离的热力学原理.
主要方法:
- 应用了三种不同的处理方法:性,热性和离子交换.
- 研究了水解驱动力,包括化学水解,物理水解和阴离子桥梁断裂.
- 使用扩展的德贾古恩-兰多-维维-奥弗比克理论进行了热力学分析.
- 进行了蛋白质二次结构分析和生物聚合物释放量化.
主要成果:
- 有机-无机分离率达到21.26% (性),23.80% (热性) 和19.56%-48.0% (交换),明显高于对照组 (4.43%).
- 蛋白质的二次结构被破坏,从α-螺旋转向β-转向和随机卷轴的转变,释放生物聚合物进入液态阶段.
- 分离效率与热力学参数 (Corr = 0.87) 有积极的相关性,并且花能量障碍在处理过程中显著增加.
结论:
- 性,热性和离子交换处理对于下水道沉积物成分分离是有效的.
- 该研究澄清了直接生物聚合物分解和间接连接断裂在沉积物分离中的不同作用.
- 这些发现为改善处理策略的沉积物生物聚合物分解和分子间连接断裂机制提供了关键的见解.
相关概念视频
Classifying Matter by Composition
89.4K
Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures.
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated.
A mixture is composed of two or...
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures.
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated.
A mixture is composed of two or...
89.4K
Extraction: Advanced Methods
1.1K
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
1.1K
Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents
6.0K
In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
6.0K
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques
1.3K
Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
1.3K
Precipitation and Co-precipitation
4.0K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
4.0K
Centrifugation
6.7K
Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...
6.7K


